Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials

ETHICS â€Å"Is deciding what is RIGHT and doing it† ETHICS is equated with: * Good Governance: It requires us to decide what is good. * Public Service Ethics: Requires us to give quality service to the public. * Standards, Rules, Morals – ETHICS is the â€Å"science of human duty†. ETHICS OF GOVERNANCE Good Governance is characterized with: * Accountability * Transparency * Participation * Non-Discrimination * Responsiveness * Poverty Alleviation (According to UNDP as cited by Carino) * Participation * Rule of Law * Transparency * Responsiveness * Consensus Orientation * Equity * Effectiveness and Efficiency * AccountabilityEthical Bases * RULES * RESULTS * RELATIONSHIPS * TRADITION RULES as an Ethical Basis – We believe in them as coming by divine revelation. – With authority or of our community. The utilitarian principle focuses our attention on results or the consequences of our actions. It has been expressed traditionally as â€Å"Seeking the Greatest Good for the Greatest Number† RELATIONSHIPS as an Ethical Basis Confucius’ â€Å"Golden Rule† of caring: â€Å"Do not do to others what you would not have them do to you†. Jesus Christ’s expression of LOVE: â€Å"In everything, do to others as you would have them do to you†. TRADITION as an Ethical BasisTraditional Ethics – the ethics of earlier generations that is based on tradition. It is right to act in certain way because that is what it has always been done. RULES as an Ethical Basis * Section 1, Article XI, 1987 Constitution – Public Office is a Public Trust. Public Officials and employees must at all times serve the people with utmost responsibility, integrity, loyalty and efficiency, act with patriotism and justice, and lead modest lives. † * Section 28, Article II, 1987 Constitution – The State shall maintain honesty and integrity in the public service and take positive and effective measures again st graft and corruption.RA 3019 â€Å"Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act† (Anti-Graft Law) Enacted in 1861 Graft is defined as â€Å"the acquisition of gain or advantage by dishonest, unfair or sordid means, especially through the use of one’s position or influence in politics, business, etc. † (People vs. Bernales, September 3, 1968) Graft and corruption is an act or omission involving breach of the rules of decency, honesty and efficiency, for the purpose of obtaining undue advantage at the expense of the government-owned resources. In our legal system, graft and corruption is basically a crime. BALDRIAS, Napoleon S. The Legal Implications of Graft and Corruption† Corruption is â€Å"an act done with an intent to give some advantage inconsistent with official duty and the rights of others. It includes bribery, but it is more comprehensive, because an act may be corruptly done through the advantage to be delivered from it be not offered by another. â⠂¬  (Magallanes vs. Provincial Board, 66 O. G. 7839) Corruption is the perversion or destruction of integrity of fidelity in discharging public duties and responsibilities by bribery or favor. It entails the use of public power for private advantage in ways which transgresses some formal rule of law. Tendero) RA 6713 â€Å"Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees† signed into law by then President Corazon C. Aquino on February 20, 1989 RA 6713 Rule X. Grounds For Administrative Disciplinary Action Directly or indirectly having financial and material interest in any transaction requiring the approval of his office. Owning, controlling, managing or accepting employment as officer, employee, consultant, counsel, broker, agent, trustee, or nominee in any private enterprise regulated, supervised or licensed by his office, unless expressly allowed by law.Engaging in the private practice of his profession unless authorized by the Constitution, law or regulation, provided that such practice will not conflict or tend to conflict with his officials functions. Recommending any person to any position in a private enterprise which has a regular or pending official transaction with his office. Soliciting or accepting, directly or indirectly, any gift, gratuity, favor, entertainment, loan or anything of monetary value which in the course of his official duties or in connection with any operation being regulated by, or any transaction which may be affected by the function of his office.Unfair discrimination in rendering public service due to party affiliation. Disloyalty to the Republic of the Philippines and to the Filipino people. Failure to act promptly on letters and requests within 15 working days from receipt, except as otherwise provided in these Rules. Failure to attend to anyone who wants to avail himself of the services of the office or to act promptly and expeditiously on public personal transactions. Failure to file sworn st atements of assets, liabilities and networth, and disclosure of business interests and financial connections.RA 9485 â€Å"Anti-Red Tape Act of 2007† signed into law by Pres. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo on June 02, 2007 Violations Refusal to accept application and/or request within the prescribed period or any document being submitted by a client. Failure to act on an application and/or request or failure to refer back to the client a request which cannot be acted upon due to lack of requirement/s within the prescribed period. Failure to attend to clients who are within the premises of the office or agency concerned prior to the end of official working hours and during lunch break.Failure to render frontline services within the prescribed period on any application and/or request without due cause. Failure to give the client a written notice on the disapproval of an application or requests. Imposition of additional irrelevant requirements other listed in the first notice. Grave Of fense Fixing and/or collusion with fixers in consideration of economic and/or other gain or advantage. Rule X. Grounds For Administrative Disciplinary Action * Directly or indirectly having financial and material interest in any transaction requiring the approval of his office.RED TAPE Inaction/No Action Slow Action Inappropriate/Wrong Action Inadequate/Insufficient Action Services that are: Not delivered Mis delivered * Under delivered * Poorly delivered UNLAWFUL ACTS RA 3019 * Graft and Corruption * Malversation RA 6713 * Pecuniary interest * Conflict of interest * Nepotism * Not all things that are Legal are Moral ! * UNETHICAL BEHAVIOR is not necessarily illegal but nevertheless is contrary to what is RIGHT and doing WHAT IS NOT RIGHT. * Unethical Behavior * Yields Adverse Results * Violates the Norms of Relationships and Traditions Disservice to the Government and the People * Bad Image of the Government DI BAWAL, PERO DI DAPAT! PADRINO SYSTEM KAMAG-ANAK SYSTEM WASTAGE OF OFFIC E SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT Engaging in group discussion while clients are kept waiting Telebabad Too Much Texting During Office Hours Reading newspaper during office hours LOAFING Improper or Inappropriate Attire CLOCK-WATCHING EXTENDED BREAK GOING OUT OF THE OFFICE WITHOUT PERMISSION Dehumanizing Situations Rob a person of his/her dignity. Diminish his/her worth as a person. Destroy his/her total being. It’s the CHOICES that make us who we are. And we can always choose to do what’s right. † – Peter Parker â€Å"Spiderman 3† Every officials of the government, even the most modest, has a job to perform and is as much in duty bound to perform that job well as those occupying higher positions. In our effort to give the people the best government that there is, we have to have everybody do his job, including the Clerk, the policeman – everybody in the service. Everyone of them should do his best because a government cannot be a government of higher officials only. Pres. Manuel L. Quezon

Biography of Kofi Annan

Kofi Annan was born in the Kofandros section of Kumasi, Ghana – in what was then the British colony of the Gold Coast. He is a twin, which has a respected status in Ghanaian culture. His twin sister Efua Atta, who died in 1991, shares the middle name Atta, which in Fante and Akan means ‘twin'. Annan and his sister were born into one of the country's aristocratic families; both their grandfathers and their uncle were tribal chiefs. [2] In the Akan names tradition, some children are named according to the day of the week on which they were born, and/or in relation to how many children precede them. Kofi in Akan is the name that corresponds with Friday. [3] Pronunciation: Annan has said his surname rhymes with â€Å"cannon† in English. [4] From 1954 to 1957, Annan attended the elite Mfantsipim school, a Methodist boarding school in Cape Coast founded in the 1870s. Annan has said that the school taught him â€Å"that suffering anywhere concerns people everywhere†. [5] In 1957, the year Annan graduated from Mfantsipim, Ghana gained independence from Britain. In 1958, Annan began studying economics at the Kumasi College of Science and Technology, now the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology of Ghana. He received a Ford Foundation grant, enabling him to complete his undergraduate studies at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, United States, in 1961. Annan then did a DEA degree in International Relations at the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva, Switzerland, from 1961–62. After some years of work experience, he studied at the MIT Sloan School of Management[6] (1971–72) in the Sloan Fellows program and earned a Master of Science (M. S. ) degree. Annan is fluent in English, French, Kru, other dialects of Akan, and other African languages. [

Case Study 7 - Tsutomu Shimomura Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Case Study 7 - Tsutomu Shimomura - Assignment Example 2. Tsumoto felt that computer security could only be served while being on the path of the â€Å"White hat† rather than be at the dark side which Mitnick eventually was. Being on this path also allowed Tsumoto to get law enforcements help to take out the hacker which he would have not no matter how much successful he would have been in tracking the hacker. 3. I believe that Mitnick would not have been caught if Tsumoto didn’t get involved. Law enforcement were in a disadvantage as far as having the technical knowledge of tracking a hacker in concerned and only Tsumoto was in a perfect position to track the hacker, thus Tsumoto started the hunt for Mitnick which ultimately led to his arrest (Notable hackers - Securelist). 4. I believe that it’s rare to be a professional hacker and yet stay on the right side of the law. Lust for money, greed eventually lead many of the professional hackers to go in the path of dark side and thus eventually against the law. Too much professional pride, over confidence also results in going on the wrong path of the

HD-DVD vs. BLU-RAY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

HD-DVD vs. BLU-RAY - Essay Example Weaknesses are happening on a couple of fronts. On the content development front, the DVD authoring front, we continue to see extreme price pressure in authoring services. The price of DVD authoring software has come down. The fact that more and more people are doing it puts incredible pressure on the production community to develop a quality product that is certifiable over all of the various players, delivers the same experience to the customer, and builds and maintains margins in their production services. (Sweeting, 2004, p7-46) On the other side, when we look at the next generation high definition DVD disc, which will certainly be all the rage in 2006, a weakness there is how soon the consumer will embrace this technology, particularly if there are two formats. As we all know, DVD was the most successful consumer product ever launched, but if you look at it now, most people have DVD players and are very content with the experience that they get in watching DVDs in their home. How quickly will they want to purchase a more expensive DVD player to play high definition material is something everyone is grappling with right now. (Capps, 2005) It is likely that moving forward the next wave [of opportunity] will fall to special interest categories and even corporate video--outreach and recruiting applications. Certainly, the opportunities for DVD in 2006 are tremendous. Beyond the applications in the corporate, marketing and outreach programs, we'll see special niche DVDs having greater acceptance. Then, of course, we have the whole next-generation issue, which hopefully will come to the forefront in 2006. The threat, especially for high definition, will definitely be how quickly the consumer will embrace that technology, particularly if there are two competing formats. You'll also have, on another front, a continuing piracy concern. That will bring pressure on studios and on the production community to figure out ways to safeguard the transmission of the information and the actual content on the DVD. We will see more movies being released more quickly to DVD. We will see the continued growth of TV programming and music on DVD, We will see the emerging market of 'special interest' DVDs [from educational, travel, marketing, outreach, recruiting, etc.]. And of course we will see the next generation of DVDs, in high definition.Blu Ray will win the high definition DVD arms race, but my guess is that it will take some time for the 75 percent of households who already own a standard definition DVD player to slowly warm up to parting with the cash to upgrade. In all likelihood the adoption wi ll be much slower than standard DVD. The entire industry is holding off until March to launch both formats [DVD HD and Blu Ray]. So we won't be able to see until March of this year how well the fall of this year will be. Also, how fast will HD disc formats be adopted by consumers It took four years for consumers to adopt DVD; will it take six years to get them over to HD We don't really know. (Laser Focus World, 2004. p11-11) A cross-industry debate over the next-generation high-definition optical-disk format turned uglier after Microsoft and Intel publicly backed the HD-DVD standard over its Blu-ray rival. Moving beyond the turf war talk of whether PCs or consumer electronics will rule the digital living room, the HD-DVD vs. Blu-ray battle

Fashion designs by Gabrielle Coco Chanel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Fashion designs by Gabrielle Coco Chanel - Essay Example The essay "Fashion designs by Gabrielle ‘Coco’ Chanel" analyzes the role of Gabrielle ‘Coco’ Chanel's fashion design in the fashion history. She did not stop there as she proceeded and built a large fashion house with branches across Europe, for example, in Paris and London. Her earlier career in cloth fashion was her boutique, where she could sell casual clothes used during leisure time or designed for sporting activities. She also sold sweaters and jackets, which became very popular around the world due to the innovative stylish features she came up with. During the twentieth century, social, cultural and historical events and practices had a lot of impact on fashion and design. The designers could easily access the styles, desired designs, and the required materials. The good thing was that during the time, communication and travel across continents had been eased and one could travel across the continents. Fashions across many regions were designed in ac cordance to the tradition and believes, for example in America during the early years of republic. People preferred to reveal themselves through clothing. These people embraced liberty and democracy; their mode of expression was through fashions. As time progressed, women desired clothing that was less restrictive, offered a lot of comfort, and were reasonable. It was during these moments of fashion design revolution that Gabrielle Chanel Coco emerged; her life is funny in the way she could live in an image of herself. She changed her life story. spent most of her life perpetually changing her life story. She at times denied that she did not have brothers and sisters. She lied about her father and sometimes pretended not to remember anything about her clients. Her life was generally an interesting one. Her mind was full of fabrication (Madsen 1990). Chanel’s designs represented the desires of women and reflected the changing lives. Her work was modern and her designs contradi cted those of former designers, who often sought themes of fantasies. Hers were intended for excitement. Before Chanel’s entrance into the fashion design industry, there were others like Paul Poiret, whose designs had manifested changes in the new century; his designs did not embrace the modern life, unlike those of Chanel, who optimized hers to fit a youthful life. Her designs valued comfort and simplicity. The designs made for females could appropriately accommodate their form, since they were somewhere between being tight and loose (Koda 2005). Chanel’s wares were similar to her dressing mode; she could wear what made her look smart and clothing that brought revolution to women wear. To describe, she could wear a skirt; a trim one and a matching jacket that could stretch to the hip, had a notched collar, and squeezed slightly at her waist. It is highly notable that her costumes were recognizable just as her identity was. Her presence in a production was anonymous as she could boost ticket sales. She knew well how to make her clothing with jewelries and scuffs, something that became admirable to the young generation. She was on her style, unique from the previous fashion designers. Chanel Coco was described to be a realistic designer. In her early design life, she had decided to be wearing jersey because it was cheap. The steps Chanel had taken were amazing; from a hat designer to apparel designer. She used to borrow her design style from the men’s wear. Her approach was simple; to design clothes out of

Fast Food, Gender, and Happiness Research Proposal

Fast Food, Gender, and Happiness - Research Proposal Example Most of them are of U.S. origin. The fast-food nutrition system has originated due to the expansion of the nutrition industry and the globalization. These improvements have altered the nutrition habits, tastes and preferences of the individuals. Those people who have busy schedules are provided ready, semi-ready or sometimes frozen food by the nutrition industry (Ãâ€"zcelik, Akan and Sà ¼rà ¼cà ¼oglu, 2007, p. 43).   The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between fast food and gender and its association with happiness. The importance of this study is to find out the correlation between eating fast food, gender, weight and happiness. The main objective is to check how the fast food centers appeal to the mass and to explore the causal relationship between the consumption of junk food and gender as well as the impact of fast food on weight.    According to Schofield (1989), it has been observed that there are differentiations in the gender culture in context of food. The authors highlight the way the fast food intervenes in the real life experience of taking a meal. The values and principles are circulated in the mass media. When we are talking about females and food, then we may consider fast food to be the source of separating women form their identity as the homemaker and cook. Since most women are generally working in the subordinate positions in the workplaces and their ultimate duty of the homemaker has to remain intact (where they do the household work themselves or they hire a servant to do the same), therefore they very soon undergo an identity crisis. The growth of fast food centers has even alienated the women from their otherwise household activity of cooking. (Schofield, 1989, p. 138) The development of industrialization has seen women negotiating their new relation with food. Their outlook has changed with the change in the trend. The middle-class women focus much on the nutritional

Care Quality and Implementation of the Chronic Care Model Essay

Care Quality and Implementation of the Chronic Care Model - Essay Example Because of the finding that acute-care model was ineffective, numerous legislators and healthcare practitioners suggested other or additional models to deal with its weaknesses, like broadening managed care and setting up case- and disease-management initiatives, yet they by no means basically resolved the issue of healthcare provision. Wagner and associates recommended a different method of enhancing chronic illness care that included delivery of healthcare, founded on the paradigm they referred to as ‘Chronic Care Model (CCM).’ CCM was a wide-ranging reform to the quality of healthcare delivery to people with chronic illnesses. This paper chooses the topic of CCM because of its great relevance to contemporary nursing practice. It primarily puts emphasis on quite a few features of healthcare management. The provision of healthcare would shift from a traditional patient-physician relationship, where the latter entirely determines what needs to be done, to a more concerted effort between an equipped, enthusiastic healthcare group and an involved patient. The healthcare group operates within a planned environment, where care- and disease-management is evidence-based, processes are primed to monitor and assess progress, and information is communicated to doctors and patients. In this process clients/patients are actively involved, motivated to independently manage their illness and the healthcare organisation collaborates with its immediate community. The key terms used in this paper are Chronic Care Model (CCM) and the Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (ACIC). CCM states that a significant percentage of chron ic care does not occur within an organised health delivery contexts. CCM has been applied productively in some healthcare settings (Bernstein 2008). Nevertheless, according to Larsen and Lubkin (2008), there are hardly any healthcare settings that are completely equipped to implement CCM. This is the primary issue that the study of Solberg and colleagues (2006) tries to resolve. The Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (ACIC), the primary instrument used by Solberg and colleagues, was formulated to support organisational groups in determining weaknesses in their chronic illness care approach, and to assess the nature and extent of developments within their structure. The six important components of ACIC are (1) delivery system, (2) clinical information system, (3) decision support, (4) self-management support, (5) health care organisation, and (6) community linkages (Solberg et al. 2006). Even though the ACIC was designed as a handy instrument to aid healthcare organisations in upgrad ing the quality of chronic illness care, it has been applied to empirical studies as well. Method of Selecting the Article The article chosen by the author for the analysis is Solberg and colleague’s (2006) Care Quality and Implementation of the Chronic Care Model: a Quantitative Study. In finding the most appropriate article for this analysis the author used the following keywords: quantitative methodology, nursing research, and chronic illness care. The author used the databases JSTOR, Questia, ProQuest, Sage Journal, and EBSCOhost. In order to narrow the search the author tried looking for the concepts chronic care model, quality of care, enhanced care continuity, clinical outcomes, and for issues like curtailed healthcare costs and the growing financial trouble of healthcare. Numerous earlier solutions have been suggested to mitigate the healthcare challenge but they have not endured rigid assessment (Richardson 2008). The study of Solberg and colleagues (2006) shows us t hat we should be capable of presenting substantiation of the efficacy and value of these interventions instead of simply putting them into practice on the basis of assumptions. The author chose the abovementioned article due to the obvious nature of the

Research paper on GMO's Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

On GMO's - Research Paper Example This is because more than 80% of the total global food requirements come from plants (WHO, 1987). As a topic, GMO’s not only concerns the fields of biotechnology and genetic engineering but also a topic of economic, political, and social cultural interests. Each of this field has a stake or role to play in adoption of GMO’s. The future of the globe interims of food sustainability depends of effective research of GMO’s. Genetic modification results when there is an alteration in the configuration of genes in the cell of an organism. This alteration can result from delectation of insertion of new genes from the cells of another species. Genes are tiny strands found in the cells of all living organism and they are known to be the carriers DNA. All organisms have unique number of genes and any alteration of the genetic material result in creation of organisms that have different characteristics from those of their parents. The reality on GMO’s was realized in 1975 when the discussion about the new invention was launched at Asilomar conference. The meeting concluded that production of GMO’s should be carried out when scientist have done considerable research on the safety of GMO’s. However, production of GMO’s plants was first carried out in Canada and the US in 1982 when farmers were given genetically modified seeds for experimental purpose. In the recent history, there has been more progress in the production of genetically modified plants than genetically modified animals. Genetic modification can be applied to produce animals that have enhanced capabilities such as resistance to certain disease (Gary, 2005). In addition, genetic modification can result in physical modification of animals. Following the current developments in biotechnology and genetic engineering, there has been concern about economic application of GMO’s. It is obvious that the focus is the growing

European Efforts for the Empowerment of Talent Essay Example for Free

European Efforts for the Empowerment of Talent Essay The author gives the tremendous account for the efforts put by the European Commission in empowering its talent by facilitating, sponsoring, and being a driving force behind its universities. There is high stress on innovation, research, promotion of research, and association of research into teaching for the last two decades. There is also serious effort put by the European Commission in nurturing the link between its universities and industry so that talent empowerment can be up to the latest requirement by developing curricula through research and collaboration of industry and universities. There are considerable programs being run by the European Commission to meet its set targets which seem well organized as compared to the rest of the world in relation with empowering the youth through education in globalization. There is also great effort put by the same region on the development of distance learning programs that aim to foster the back benchers of society. Additionally, information and communication technologies and continuing education or learning as a lifelong process are other milestones that European Commission is set to cover. Among a number of programs, the very recent ones are: the European Research Area (ERA), the European Credit Transfer System (ECTS) and the European Higher Education Area (EHEA)/Bologna process . Thus, by putting efforts on the reformation of the ways of education today the world can be rightly globalized in a positive way that can benefit all the nations and peoples. This way, universities can play a more vital role as important, indeed, as it was in the past. The global approach to education calls for â€Å"research on strategic and monitoring planning to manage globalization and technological and scientific change. To properly manage this, a more holistic view and a better interface across all relevant knowledge areas is necessary† .

Sample random Essay Example for Free

Sample random Essay Was the sample random? How many brands were in the race? Were the brands ranked? These are the unknowns based on the advertisement. The claim does not state what does #1 actually means. In comparison to what: price, size, or pleasant smell. Some numbers can be valid, but used in different ways such as the mean, median, mode and midrange. This is not the case for this ad because we do not have the data to either validate or disclaim this ad. This ad is misleading and lends its self to consumer’s impulse buying. The consumer must be aware of such claims and do their research before buying products, items or food. 14. â€Å"How often do you run red lights? † This question is a manipulating one because of how it is asked; it is a faulty survey question. It wants to know how often you run red lights and does not ask a yes or no question. The question forces you to select an answer among scripted choices identified by the surveyor. The answers would be: once a day, once a week, twice a week, or more than 3 times a week. This is a bias question, especially if it does not offer an answer of â€Å"none† or â€Å"never†. The data collected can influence the amount of fines for running red lights, installing red light cameras, or have an effect on car insurance rates. This question does not take into account people without a driver license or people who take public transportation. It is all in how a question is asked because most surveys do not want a â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no† answer. They cannot perform the needed analysis to get an answer. Some of the answers force people to choose the closest one that fits, but this causes bias and would not define the most accurate results. So the question and answers will steer the results toward what they want. The misuse of statistics should be against the law and the company or manufacturer should be held accountable for their misrepresentation. Also survey questions and answers should be more accurate and not bias. After going over this chapter it proves the saying â€Å"buyer beware† and do your own research. References Bluman, (2011), Mathematics in Our World

The Best Motion Picture: Jurassic Park

The Best Motion Picture: Jurassic Park The film that I think should be awarded for The Best Motion Picture is Jurassic Park because of the excellent filming techniques, terminologies and an effective storyline about Dinosaurs that was used to make it the best and captivating film. It keeps the viewers captivated and riveted to their seats The action keeps the audience in suspense and has great effects. The dinosaurs looked real and sounded similar to what we would think real dinosaurs sounded. in the film, it wasis a very unique effect that made the actual animals look very realistic. The construction of the dinosaurs and the whole dinosaur park brought the film to life and made the viewer feel as if they are part of the investigation in the film and also made the entire film seem modern even though dinosaurs dont exist in our generation. An extreme long shot was used by showing the audience the island where Jurassic Park was situated and this is where all the action takes place. At the beginning of the film we get an eye level shot of the dinosaur when it was it the cage being transferred to an enclosure. This make the audience feel insecure and think that it is looking at us. We also get a long shot when the characters walked towards the cars outside before they went to explore the park and see all the various dinosaurs. We also get an extreme close up shot of the mosquito in the resin that was attached to Johns walking stick is very effective as the backlight and zooming adds a clear view of the mosquito and symbolizes its importance. We also get a birds eye view when the people were the dusting the ground of the dinosaurs bones. It makes the audience seem like they are looking down at the people and the dinosaurs fossil being dusted. The sound in the film is plays an extremely important role in the film. The sound in Jurassic Park has a huge impact on the viewer. The synchronous sound is used brilliantly when the huge T-Rex engulfs one of the visitors in the park. The sound in the film made a enormous impact on the viewers, especially when the director uses non-synchronous sound as the actors enter the dinosaur park and also when the children are being chased. The sound gives the viewer an emotion of uncertainty and fear. There are no wild sounds in the film but there are a few scenes with a voice over such as the scene where the people are trying to escape from the T-Rex as it chases them through the park. The voices of the victims are louder than the synchronous sound. The dolly shot was used when Ian was in the car with the lady and other tour guides. The camera is placed on a track and set to move at the same speed as the dinosaur. This makes the viewer very involved and close to the scene. A crane shot is used when the lady was trying to get away and get to the technical room. The camera was placed in the air and this made us as the viewers feel like she was being chased by a dinosaur. Zoom lenses, when the goat was placed in the T-Rexs area and it zoomed in and out. This gives the audience an impression that the goat will be eaten and this creates excitement in the scene where it does not exist. We get a aerial shot of the island and it is taken via a helicopter but it does not show us the whole island as one and this conveys real drama and exhilaration. The colours used on the logo Jurassic Park attract the eye because of the use of bright colours and it is a reminder to the audience about where the action takes place. The green forests within the dinosaur park show that the park is a luscious ground for herbivores and a typical environment in which dinosaurs would live in. The use of colours sets the tone, and Jurassic Park has many different colours which I think makes the film more realistic, exciting and adventurous. The dull colours in the background made the logo stand out. The costumes of the characters were not too stylish but they stood out from the bright evergreen island and made them look neutral. The helmets and multi coloured cars made their clothing stand out more. The key light made us see the characters and dinosaurs no matter what the conditions were in the film and the fill light added some shadow. This is shown when T-Rex escapes and there is a spotlight shone on it. They also turned down the fill light when the two philosoraptors entered the kitchen and then increase the amount of shadow; this helped by creating suspense and tension to the audience. There arent many icons, indexes and symbols in the film, but one symbol that symbolizes fear is the dinosaur footprint because dinosaurs are dangerous animals and are threats to humans. I think that Jurassic Park is a great movie because the action of the film keeps the audience in suspense throughout the film and has great effects that make the audience riveted to their seats. The dinosaurs looked and sounded real. Steven Spielberg really deserves to win the Best Picture Award for Jurassic Park as he is a creative director and his film will never become outdated and will always have an exciting storyline.

New Orleans - Before The Civil War :: essays research papers

New Orleans is a city in southern Louisiana, located on the Mississippi River. Most of the city is situated on the east bank, between the river and Lake Pontchartrain to the north. Because it was built on a great turn of the river, it is known as the Crescent City. New Orleans, with a population of 496,938 (1990 census), is the largest city in Louisiana and one of the principal cities of the South. It was established on the high ground nearest the mouth of the Mississippi, which is 177 km (110 mi) downstream. Elevations range from 3.65 m (12 ft) above sea level to 2 m (6.5 ft) below; as a result, an ingenious system of water pumps, drainage canals, and levees has been built to protect the city from flooding. New Orleans was founded in 1718 by Jean Baptiste Le Moyne, sieur de Bienville, and named for the regent of France, Philippe II, duc d'Orleans. It remained a French colony until 1763, when it was transferred to the Spanish. In 1800, Spain ceded it back to France; in 1803, New Orleans, along with the entire Louisiana Purchase, was sold by Napoleon I to the United States. It was the site of the Battle of New Orleans (1815) in the War of 1812. During the Civil War the city was besieged by Union ships under Adm. David Farragut; it fell on Apr. 25, 1862. And that's what it say's in the books, a bit more, but nothing else of interest. This is too bad, New Orleans , as a city, has a wide and diverse history that reads as if it were a utopian society built to survive the troubles of the future. New Orleans is a place where Africans, Indians and European settlers shared their cultures and intermingled. Encouraged by the French government, this strategy for producing a durable culture in a difficult place marked New Orleans as different and special from its inception and continues to distinguish the city today. Like the early American settlements along Massachusetts Bay and Chesapeake Bay, New Orleans served as a distinctive cultural gateway to North America, where peoples from Europe and Africa initially intertwined their lives and customs with those of the native inhabitants of the New World. The resulting way of life differed dramatically from the culture than was spawned in the English colonies of North America. New Orleans Creole population (those with ancestry rooted in the city's colonial era) ensured not only that English was not the prevailing language but also that Protestantism was scorned, public education unheralded, and democratic government untried.

Macbeth: Time And Evil :: essays research papers

The Shakespearean tragedy of Macbeth is one of the shortest of all his plays. The story of one man's determination to secure his position as king has become a literary classic around the world. Many critics have applied their input on what they believe to be the proper analysis of Macbeth. However Phyllis Rackin's interpretation of the play has become the counter balance to which I place my critique. Rackin's criticism of Macbeth employs both the importance of time and the overwhelming power of evil; these ideas are only two of the many themes displayed in Shakespeare's illustrious tragedy. Rackin analyzed that time was a major factor in Macbeth and all his actions were a "race against time"(108). She also noticed that Shakespeare started his play with a question about time, "When shall we three meet again†¦?"(Act I, scene I). Rackin viewed Macbeth's reign at king as a pause in time, at which moment the sun ceases to rise and darkness engulfs Scotland. At the death of Macbeth and the end of his sovereignty, Macduff pronounces, "time is free"(Act V, scene VIII). The issue of time has been strongly supported by Phyllis Rackin, however I view this issue as an insignificant matter in the story of Macbeth. Time is an issue in all plays and would function the same in any other suspenseful thriller. Along with time, Phyllis Rackin critiqued the use of the compelling manipulation of evil. In Macbeth, the main character becomes enraged with an evil urge to maintain his status as king. Macbeth's cravings begin when he is no longer capable of waiting for the witches' prophesies to come true and murders the king. He continues he rampage with the murders of Banquo and Maduff's intermediate family. This can all be foreseen after Macbeth kills Duncan and cries out that "the deed will not be 'done when 'tis done,' that it will be no 'end-all' but instead a beginning"(113). Unlike Rackin's view on time, I agree with her view on Macbeth's evil entrapment. It is apparent that, throughout the progression of the tragedy, Macbeth transforms from the loyal thane into the murderous king.

Remember the Titans Film Essay

In the film remember The Titans directed by Boaz Yakin, an important character in the film is Coach  Herman Boone. He uses his determination and skill to make the titans successful. This is shown  through the use of visual and verbal features such as camera angles, costume, use of dialogue and  music. Boone’s acceptance and tolerance teaches the team to learn to work together to achieve their goals and success. Herman Boone is an important character as he had to accept coach Yoast. They learned to tolerate each other. At the beginning of the film they didn’t get along but in order to make the team a success Boone learned to. This is because when Boone arrives in Alexandria to take over from the old Coach, Bill Yoast neither of them were welcoming or friendly towards each other once. Once they got over each other’s differences, they began to develop a good football team to win the state championships. Herman Boone is a respected character in the film. He had to accept the new team and the old coach, Yoast which was now the assistant coach. Both coaches had to learn to work together. They finally accepted each other and the titans went on to win the state championships. Yoast started to accept Boone when he heard Boone talk about the fight at Gettysburg where black and whites had been fighting against each other. Through dialogue, Boone revealed to the players â€Å"If we don’t come together at this point â€Å" about how the futility of battle, how it had torn families apart, dividing friends, creating rifts. Yoast then realized why Boone was so harsh on the team. He realized that Boone wanted to overcome the continual racism. This was shown by the use of camera angles extreme close up and close up to show the emotion from Boones speech. It showed how he was tormented by the continual fighting, sad that the players were continuing the same fight years ago. Yoast realized that Boone was only trying to bring the individual players  together as one team, even if they had to tolerate each other. It was through the use of camera angles that Yakin showed the sadness Boone was feeling, realizing that prejudice was stopping the players from coming together as one team. Herman Boone had to learn to tolerate Bill Yoast and his football coaching ways just Yoast also had to tolerate Boone so they could make a successful team. At the training camp they both saw how each others coaching was benefitting the team. They all were starting to work together as a great successful team because of learning to work together .This was shown at their first game where they won, continuing throughout the season as they did not lose one game the whole season. This was through Boone’s determination to make the team successful. This was reinforced by use of upbeat music to show Boone’s and his team successes. Wide angle shots were used to show the whole team getting along and succeeding. I learnt from Boone’s tolerance that individuals and groups can succeed together no matter what race they are if they all make minor sacrifices. In the film Remember The Titans one of the main characters Herman Boone is determined for the titans to succeed. He is tough on them by, he does this by accepting his fellow coaches and the members of his team. And how he realizes he has to makes sacrifices in order for the team to come out on top. These messages and values are shown by camera angles such as close up extreme close up and music.

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The old view (historians in the 1950's) was that NAZI Germany was a â€Å"totalitarian† state. Hitler was the all-powerful dictator. Orders flowed downwards from Hitler. The system of government was like an efficient, well-oiled machine. Recent research by historians (1970's/80's) now disputes this view. It is now accepted that Nazi Germany was NOT a â€Å"well-oiled machine†. It was more like a medieval court – with a king (Hitler) surrounded by powerful barons (his leading subordinates). The barons constantly battled with each other.The king stayed above this conflict, occasionally backing one side or the other. The best way to get a decision was to get to Hitler personally. His orders, when he bothered to issue them, were all that counted in the last resort. This was a chaotic way to run a modern country. It was certainly NOT â€Å"totalitarian†! Historians are currently disputing these issues: 1) Some historians argue that despite the above â€Å"chao s†, Hitler's will still counted above all else. Hitler was such a CHARISMATIC leader that he did not need to issue clear orders, but everyone knew, or could guess, what he wanted.In practice veryone in government tried to carry this out. This is the â€Å"intentionalist† viewpoint. Things happened inside Nazi Germany because Hitler them to. 2) Other historians say many decisions were taken inside Germany without Hitler's will. People in government had to get on with the Job. Often Hitler Just had to accept what they had decided to do. This is the â€Å"weak dictator† interpretation. It is also sometimes called the argument: that the structures of government, not Hitler's intentions, decided many issues. 3) Other historians argue that Hitler governed Germany in the way he didThey argue it was a good way to â€Å"divide and rule. † While the â€Å"barons† were busy scrapping with each other, Hitler's power would never be challenged by any of them. 4) A different point of view is that Hitler really WAS a â€Å"weak† dictator. He was indecisive so he tried to put off making decisions. The details of government work bored him. He preferred foreign affairs. So he left the boring day-to-day business of governing Germany to others. He only got involved when he had to, for example to settle disputes between his â€Å"barons. â€Å"

Change of Heart by Jodi Picoult

Name: Jasmine Chan Date: 26-7-12 Summer holiday book report |Book Title: |Change of Heart |[pic] | |Author: |Jodi Picoult | | |Publisher: |Atria Books | | Plot summary: June’s daughter, Claire, needed a heart transplant. However, it was Shay, a man on death row for killing the rest of June’s family years ago, who wanted to donate his.After a grim, life-and-death struggle and careful consideration, June accepted Shay’s â€Å"grand† offer grudgingly, so Claire’s life was saved. Commentary: Before reading the book’s brief introduction, the words â€Å"change of heart† gave me the impression that this book is about a person suffering from heart failure and had to get a heart transplant from an unknown donor just like so many others did. After reading the blurb, I discovered that this is not the case. Actually, the plot is very special and the issue is very controversial and worth discussing so I started reading this book.I have to assure everyone that this book is a page-turner that impels readers to read towards the very last page. Would you fulfil your enemy’s dying wish to save the life of somebody you love? In this novel, Jodi Picoult delves into questions of vengeance, mercy, salvation and redemption by exploring the rage of June who already lost a daughter, the bitterness of Shay the criminal on death row and the fate of a critically-ill child to force them to think about a question: â€Å"Can even the most understandable thirst of vengeance be squashed if it means saving someone you love? In my opinion, as there is an old saying : What’s done, is done, I think June should forgive or at least put aside Shay’s wrongdoings and accept his kind offer because this would be an act of forgiving herself and other’s too. Moreover, this would be the only way to save her daughter (There was no one except Shay whose heart was suitable for Claire. ) However, of course, as a reader, we know that June’s family did not die of murder but manslaughter.So, that’s why I actively encourage June to accept Shay’s giving, which came out of love. As a result, my answer to June’s question : â€Å"Would you give up your vengeance against someone you hate if it meant saving someone you loved? † is definitely yes. Besides, I truly appreciate Jodi Picoult having the courage to write about these themes, which are novel, controversial and meaningful. Secondly, concerning about the characters, I think Shay was a hero because he was humble and willing to sacrifice himself.For example, when there were miracles –water turned into wine, Calloway’s pet robin was brought back to life and a tiny piece of gum became enough for all to share—happening under his finger in the prison, he did not boast about himself, but instead denied that he was a â€Å"Messiah† and said that he was just an ordinary man who wanted to donates his heart to sa ve a little girl called Claire for redemption.Besides, although nobody knew the truth—it was only because Shay wanted to protect Elizabeth from being sexually-abused by her stepfather, Kurt that he was compelled to shoot Kurt and accidentally shot Elizabeth too. He still insisted to die for Claire because he loved that family and wanted for redemption for his big mistake. Having lost a daughter and two husbands, June’s life was fraught with grief. I can vividly see how that grief shaped her character and informing the choices that she makes.At first, when she had lost her first husband, she was willing to take a second chance and let go of the past and start a new life by remarrying and giving birth to another girl. However, when her first daughter and second husband were â€Å"murdered†, she broke apart. When it came to the decision whether to have a restorative justice meeting with Shay and accepting his heart, June initially refused, which showed that she was no longer that flexible and easy to adapt to changes. Fortunately, in the end, being more rational, June made the correct decision—to take Shay’s heart.I think she made this choice in hopes of a better future, which was also a wise move. Last of all, looking upon the writing strategies, the way Jodi Picoult presents the story generates readers’ interest in finding out what’s going to happen. Each chapter is written from the perspectives of a different character. I get to know all the characters’ inner thoughts: their fear, hope, bitterness and above all, their reflections of what makes sense of them. I felt as if I were one of the characters while reading. I understood their feelings.I explored their complex minds. I walked with them in their life journeys. I felt deeply what they underwent. I could view things from different people’s perspectives. Through this, I could experience the sorrow and difficulties of June and her family. In the e pilogue, it is the first and the last chapter written from Claire’s perspectives, which makes the ending very unique. In conclusion, Change of Heart is a true-to-life story, which I love so much and would strongly recommend to all my fellow schoolmates.

Explain the Success and Failure of Constitutions

Constitutions can be defined in a variety of different ways. Duchacek , in 1970 described constitutions as â€Å"power maps†, in which the formal powers of the state are described and distributed. A more explicit definition can be gauged from Robertson , who describes the constitution as, â€Å"a set of rights, powers and procedures regulating the structure of, and relationships among the public authorities and between the public authorities and the citizens. † This long definition is condensed by Watson , who describes constitutions as the â€Å"rules of the political game† and â€Å"the laws that govern the governors. Constitutions usually have come into existence to facilitate a â€Å"fresh start† following the demise of the past regime via revolution, independence, or a change in society. Constitutions are not infallible and can fail if the conditions are right; those conditions will be discussed in this essay. According to Hague, Harrop and Breslin , a successful constitution is â€Å"one that does not attempt too much†. They point to the American constitution as an example. The US Constitution created a limited central government because that is what was deemed necessary. If the constitution created a stronger central government, it may have gone against the interests of the more independent minded states and individuals who would have opposed such a move. A constitution, which delegates and separates powers amongst the governing institutions apparently, coins success. The most well known example of this would be again the American constitution. The legislature (Congress ), executive (the President ) and the judiciary (the Supreme Court ) is separated by the Constitution, providing constitutional independence and delegating various powers. The Constitution insures that no one institution has more power than the other, preventing a power struggle within government that could lead to its destruction. However, to explain the success of constitutions in terms of the balance of powers would ignore the success of the â€Å"unwritten† British Constitution. The British Constitution, where power lies supremely with the government, the legislature, cannot be regarded as a failure. The success of this constitution could perhaps be explained by its flexible and articulate nature, which allows gradual change. A good example of this in practise is the enfranchisement of Britain, which took almost a century to attain. The Government introduced this necessary legislation following the changes in society. Without this change, Britain's Constitution would have failed to meet the needs of the people, and fall in the face of popular revolt. Even supposedly rigid, written constitutions can respond to changes in society, an important property if that constitution is to succeed. In the United States, judicial constitutional interpretation plays an important part in placing a constitution written over two hundred years ago into the context of the modern day. Chief Justice Hughes' statement; â€Å"We live under a constitution. But the constitution is what the judges say it is. † This may not be wholly accurate, but judicial interpretation has been an important factor in the continual evolution of the American Constitution, which encouraging its success. Finally, the success of constitutions can be attributed to the economic factors within the state. Germany and Japan have for the past fifty years possessed successful constitutions, which can, to a degree be attributed to their very strong economies. Following the Second World War, the allies, by buoying up the economies of these two nations, prevented them from falling to the short-term problems, such as nationalism and communism. This move subsequently ensured their long-term constitutional success. A constitution that has failed its purpose is one that fails to provide adequate rules of government, which can lead to either an inefficient government, or a government that abuses the governed. There are a number of reasons that governments fail. If Hauge, Harrop and Breslin's reasoning concludes that a successful constitution is one that attempts little, it follows that a constitution doomed to failure is one that attempts too much, allowing no room for interpretation or change. A poor constitution would not allow the judicial interpretation that allows the American constitution to develop, or allow a flexible constitution like the British to change wit the introduction of new legislation. The Constitution of Italy, the Guarantisimo prevents the reoccurrence of a dictatorship. However, the various checks and balances created by the constitution, such as a strong bicameral legislature, and regional autonomy have led to ineffective government, and the loss of popular support among the people. This is one example of the separation of powers going to far, hindering the constitutional process. A constitution that fails to take into account the social, economic and political factors within a society will very rarely succeed. Evidence of this can be found in the failure of the post-colonial constitutions imposed on former colonies during the 1950's and 1960's. Countries such as Britain and France attempted to impose constitutions that were based on theirs. Unfortunately, the peoples of Africa and Asia were not used to democracy, their cultures were based upon autocratic rule, not liberal, democratic government. Many of the fledgling governments fell, as single rulers, often helped by the military filled the vacuum. Countries whose democratic governments survived, for example India and Pakistan experienced the move toward strong centrally controlled government, undermining the democracy the constitution represented. It is often not the constitution that fails, but the regime that facilitates the change because it is weak, and cannot remain in office for too long a period. The constitution may succeed in providing the checks and balances of power, but if the regime lost the support of the military, there would then be scope for change Constitutions are not always liable to succeed; the above examples indicate that. A successful one allows change, can be interpreted by the judiciary and is assisted by a healthy economic climate. A failure is doomed to be ineffective because it is too restrained, and not allowed to change as society develops. Explanations for the success and failure of constitutions can be diverse, particularly in today's global society; the reasons above are only a selection of wh at can constitute a constitutional success or failiure.

Cardiovascular Respiratory System During Exercise Physical Education Essay

Cardiovascular Respiratory System During Exercise Physical Education Essay A good understanding of anatomy and physiology is the basis of all medicine. Without knowing how the body works, how it is made up and how it can go wrong, we cannot even begin to design effective treatments and interventions, including surgery or new pharmaceutical drugs. The body has many different systems which help to maintain the body’s normal function. Three of these functions are; the cardiovascular system, respiratory system and the musculoskeletal system. In this assignment I will be looking at how these three systems work both at resting and during exercise. Cardiovascular System Wilmore, J.H; Costill, D.L (2004) states that the cardiovascular system consists of; the heart, which acts as a pump, blood vessels acting as a system of channels and it also consists of blood which acts as a fluid medium. The cardiovascular system has three main functions: Transports oxygen and nutrients to the body’s cells and transports carbon dioxide and waste products from the b ody’s cells. Protects the body from infection and loss of blood. Helps to regulate pH balance of the body, body temperature and the balance of fluid. (Plowman, A. S; Smith, D.L; 2010). Below is a diagram which shows the circulation of the cardiovascular system. http://agingresearch.buffalo.edu/assets/images/chf_circulatory_system.jpg (Image from http://agingresearch.buffalo.edu/†¦/chf_circulatory_system.jpg) As the diagram above shows the heart pumps oxidized blood to the body so the nutrients can be distributed to the cells and remove the waste which is then returned to the heart and then into the lungs to be oxidized again to return to the body. Response to Exercise Exercise uses up a lot of energy, which the cells derive from oxidizing glucose. Both glucose and oxygen have to be delivered by the blood. This means that the heart has to work harder to pump more blood through the body. This means it has to beat faster in order to achieve a higher throughput. The cardiova scular system responds to exercise by increasing the activity level. The adrenal gland increases the production of the hormones adrenaline and nor adrenaline. These have direct effects on the heart. These hormones cause an increase in the heart rate and the force with which the heart contracts each beat. This increases the total amount of blood that is circulated in the body every minute. That increase in blood circulation is required to meet the increased demand for nutrients and oxygen that the muscles and other tissues. There are several types of exercise and they all affect the cardiovascular system in a similar way, an example of some of these are; short term light to sub maximal aerobic, long term moderate to heavy sub maximal aerobic, incremental aerobic, static exercise and resistance exercise. For the purpose of this essay I will be looking at and comparing; short term to sub maximal aerobic exercise and heavy sub maximal aerobic exercise and how they affect the cardiovascu lar system. img010img011 This image shows the graphs of the changes in the cardiovascular system during light exercise (left) and moderate to heavy exercise (right).

LECOM School of Pharmacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

LECOM School of Pharmacy - Essay Example Besides, I see that new accelerated programs in pharmaceutical care are helping the nation's healthcare needs to be met more efficiently and cost effectively. My previous experiences have been great preparation, and I will use much of the knowledge gained in my current job in this accelerated program. I hope that this accelerated program will provide me with advanced practical and theoretical preparation, because year-round curriculum proposed by LECOM School of Pharmacy best fit my needs and life expectations as I am an organized, determined, and well-rounded person who supposes that quality pharmaceutical care requires critical thinking to assess the patient's needs. I will do my best to become a high qualified professional in this field, because I have strong personal aspiration for it. I am an energetic and enthusiastic person, who loves to communicate with patients and have the constant demand for sincere attention for their needs. I have defined my career goals and the level of my education I require the next step matching my personal needs with the offerings and characteristics of specific programs like those proposed by LECOM School of Pharmacy. I am sure that I can cope with the demands of this program being well prepared, motivated and committed to pursuing my degree.

BUS475 Final Strategic Plan and Presentation Essay

BUS475 Final Strategic Plan and Presentation - Essay Example Regardless of the business type established; it is pertinent to appreciate the two fundamental components of strategic planning, i.e. long-term objectives and the all-inclusive strategy.These objectives and strategies help management to predefine organizational objectives. Long-term objectives refer to results the organization seeks to attain over a certain period, for instance, a five-year period. Grand strategies, on the other hand, are the thorough approaches that guide organizational actions aimed at meeting the long-term objectives The establishment of these objectives and targets centers on the firm’s mission, values and vision. Some notable strategies that enable the achievement of HBR’s goals and managing the changing environment include the following: Financial Strategies The spa’s main objective is to become the preferential spa where customers go to enhance their natural beauty. HBR also aims at increasing its market share by at least 9-12% in the next two years while also operating on high revenue and low costs. HBR will establish tactics to provide a balance between its income and expenditure. HRB will base its calculation of the preferred profits on the evaluation of desire and price percentiles of profit. HBR will use the strategy of return on investment to maximize the use of financial resources and reduce expenses efficiently. Technology Strategies In keeping up with modern technologies, the spa will achieve its objectives in an effectual manner. The firm will continually upgrade and appreciate the latest software information technologies that have immense impacts of the beauty industry. These technologies will help HBR to share accurate and timely information with all stakeholders. Some vital information technologies, which HBR will have, include intranet networking, the Internet, e-mail, fax, telephones and mobile phones. IT strategies ensure HBR provides services to its clients throughout the day. Technologically, the sp a will position itself strategically by having the latest online reservation and payment services for busy professionals (Wilson & Gilligan, 2005). Marketing Strategies HBR’s marketing objective is to generate awareness of the spa and cater for persons with the desire to be pampered and rejuvenate their innate beauty. HBR aims at offering the best possible beauty experiences to its customers to ensure high referrals. HBR intends to be a magnet for both middle and high income earners by providing tailored packages to suit their demands and financial abilities (Hitt, Ireland & Hoskisson, 2008). These individuals may opt for the complete beauty package that includes a full seaweed body scrub, facial, manicure, pedicure and makeup application or one or two of these services. Irrespective of the package clients choose; HBR will offer its clients the best possible services with the utmost professionalism. HBR will use promotional programs such as gift cards at subsidized rates, adv ertising, especially in social media sites and malls, online marketing and print and electronic media. The firm will also offer complimentary facials to all new clients to retain them for the long term. Monitoring and Controlling In HBR, the implementation of strategic plans is extremely vital since control and monitoring are essential to the accuracy of the strategic implementation plan. Some crucial monitoring and controlling tools include the following: 1. Development Behavioral Control System is crucial to the exemplary performance of HBR’s strategic plan. HBR will monitor its operating procedure, standards, rules and regulations. HBR will control the implementation of policies guarding ethical and legal frameworks and human resources. This control program is viable in ascertaining the relation between the activities of HBR and the outcomes (Wilson & Gilligan, 2005). 2. Development of a quality control system is also an effective monitoring and

How the evolution of democracy in the United States has effected the Research Paper

How the evolution of democracy in the United States has effected the emergence of democracies in Israel and Yemen - Research Paper Example Moreover, internationally the country has maintained a steady path on Democratic gains because it embraces fundamental freedoms, which allow citizens and rights groups to put the government into accountability on issue touching on the welfare of the general public. Fundamentally, the U.S. is regarded as one of the most advanced societies as far as democracy is concerned even though it has been facing evolution in its democratic space, occasioned by different regimes that have come into power (Pillar, 2001). Conversely, democracy in the United States of America has been evolving over the years to align itself it with the country’s foreign policy. For instance, during the administration of George W. Bush, the nation stepped up the call for democratic modes of governance in developing countries especially those in Asia, to enable to implement its foreign policy to a region perceived to be anti-America (Rosati and Scott, 2011). Israel has been one of the longest allies of America in the Middle East and it has rose to its current status due to immense investment that the US government has poured into the nation, to safeguard it from neighbouring Islamist nations that want to wipe it off. After the Second World War the Nazis wanted to eliminate the Jews however, the American government made stringent efforts to ensure Israel is recognized as an independent state and luckily this came to pass due to sympathy from a number of nations that shared the pity of what the Jews had undergone. This happened through a veto vote by USA in the United Nations Security Council that paved way for Israel to be recognized internationally as an independent nation. Conversely, it is imperative to note that the journey of the long story of bilateral relations between the Unites States of America and Israel begun from the very moment the country attained autonomous status of being an independent nation (Dye and Zeigler, 2003). The American government extended a lot of resources

Choose one of the following Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Choose one of the following - Assignment Example In other words, this essay attempts to explore how an advertisement in the printed media can illustrate Umberto Eco’s assertion that the medium as well as the message can be â€Å"charged with cultural signification† (Eco, 1976: 267). To add, the analysis of the perfume advert will focus on the photographic imagery that provides iconic representation of the product along with what it is supposed to stand for. It will also center around how the aforementioned imagery produces relevant signified concepts or, in other words, certain emotional overtones that serve to promote the item’s image. First of all, let us define semiotics and discuss concepts related to it. David Chandler, the author of â€Å"Semiotics: The Basics†, defines semiotics as â€Å"the study of signs† (Chandler, 2002: 1). The definition that is broader in scope was given by Umberto Eco, who assumed that â€Å"semiotics is concerned with everything that can be taken as a sign† ( Eco, 1976: 7). Wray (1981: 4) further explained that semiotics is a study of â€Å"the way any sign, whether it is a traffic signal, a thermometer reading of 98.6 F, poetic imagery, musical notation, a prose passage, or a wink of the eye, functions in the mind of an interpreter to convey a specific meaning in a given situation†. ... With reference to signs, two notable theories should be mentioned – that of Ferdinand de Saussure, a famous Swiss linguist, and Charles Pierce, a U.S. philosopher. For Saussure, semiotics was some kind of science that studies signs’ role within social life. For Pierce, semiotics was rather â€Å"a formal doctrine of signs†, inseparable from logic. While both approaches are considered essentially important for the modern understanding of semiotics, there is a major difference between them: as Leeds-Hurwitz points out, Pierce studied logics, while Saussure focused on behaviour (Leedz-Hurwitz, 2012: 6). The theory of semiotics posits that making meaning is a complex process within the text, and encompasses both signification and address. Signification is a word used to describe the overall process of signs’ reading. Semiotics understands ‘signs’ as something that denotes the elements of language, for instance, words. All languages are complex sig n systems. However, there may be found sign systems that are less complex. These are, for instance, colours. Through the use of specific colours, a message may be transmitted, based on their meanings in various cultures. For instance, the red colour is widely used to signify either a warning or passion in the cultures of the western civilization, while green is believed to be a colour of nature and the colour of harmony. Garments and accessories can serve another language that conveys things about individuals. Therefore, meaning gets formed not just by purely linguistic signifiers, e.g. written words, but also through images as well as different non-linguistic sounds. With reference to this, images function as

Commission as Naval Officer Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Commission as Naval Officer - Personal Statement Example This is based on my wide experience in the Aviation Maintenance community (Samuel 12). Through working as a Safe for Flight in Maintenance control and adequate skills I gained during my tenure as an administrator in Aviation Maintenance, I posses managerial experience, proficiency and strong leadership ability that characterize a successful Naval officer. Having worked as Administrative Leading Chief Petty Officer, my effective leadership style will not only be limited to serving my seniors with diligent but also I will portray professionalism in guiding junior sailors. After my remarkable duties as an Airman Recruit in the United States Navy, I am determined to work extra hard and end my 30 years career as a Naval officer. I am well equipped to undertake the tasks of LDO/CWO. Make me part of the Naval Community! You will experience my dedication and open mindedness. I am the â€Å"Technical Expert† who will not rest until I attain my goal of enhancing Navys

The four kinds of market-product strategies Essay

The four kinds of market-product strategies - Essay Example The four kinds of market-product strategies that organizations may follow depending upon the availability of their resources and requirements are: Same Market New Product (Product Development) In this strategy, an organization introduces the same product in the market that he is currently catering to. It is a type of product development that an organization does to retain and increase its potential customers by providing solutions that based on the identified requirement of customers. Same Product New Market (Market development) In this strategy, an organization takes the same product that it is currently dealing in to new markets, to turn its prospective customers into its routine and regular customers by identifying a need in that segment. It has much more to do with the identification of the right market segment and then offer them with the products from an organization’s portfolio. Same Market Same Product (Penetration Strategy) If an organization wants to cater the same market with the same product then it must have to follow the penetration strategy. It means organization will have to take the steps to increase its market share in the existing market and to follow strategies that will help organization to beat the competition. The most widely accepting activity that organizations do is to reduce the prices. The reduced prices will take the market share away from its competitors.

Mediterranean Diet And Public Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mediterranean Diet And Public Health - Essay Example The diet has been found to reduce cancer and type 2 diabetes; however, the main disadvantage of this diet is its cost, which is very expensive. Human beings for a long time have devised various dietary methods in an attempt at living a healthy life by choosing carefully choosing what type of foods they eat. The Mediterranean diet is an example of such dieting whose primary principles include high consumption of fruits, vegetables among others. Besides these foods, the Mediterranean diet allows for a reasonable consumption of wine and wiry meats while discouraging the consumption of processed meals. Moreover, the Mediterranean way of life advocates for constant physical activity and a social support system while enjoying your meals. There have been growing criticisms regarding the Mediterranean diet with opponents raising questions on its wholesome nutritional values and the costs that come with maintaining it. It is important to note that the Mediterranean diet has been proven a healthy way of life that provides the body with all the essential elements. The Mediterranean diet is a healthy way of eating because it is a nutrit ional tactic that helps the body keep slim, sturdy and active. Sofi et al (2010) in their meta-analysis found that Mediterranean diet been can be directly linked to decreased mortality from all causes particularly cardiovascular disease. The diet is composed of essential mono and polyunsaturated fats, which can reduce the levels of cholesterol in the body, consequently reducing the risks of heart-related diseases. Most importantly, the diet is very low in saturated fats that can increase the levels of cholesterol in the body. However, it is important to note that the Mediterranean diet does not strive to limit the total fat intake but rather encourages the intake of fats and oils that are less harmful to the body such as olive oil that is the major source of fat in the diet.

Bullying and Harrasment in the Workplace Essay Example for Free

Bullying and Harrasment in the Workplace Essay In hard times people tend more to be willing to find out why things aren’t working and so a growing awareness of satisfying employees lead to a more detailed picture of bullying in the workplace. Due to great changes in hotel and hospitality industry caused by the economic crisis and its cumulative effects on the behaviour of managers as well as on employees, volition emerged to do more against bullying in the workplace. This paper critically analyzes the reason for the occurrence of bullying and gives impacts on relationship between bullying, work and health. Furthermore it shows emerging problems for the hotel and hospitality industry and gives advice to find appropriate solutions to provide a bullying-free working place. Several published definitions of bullying make it hard to find the genuine meaning of it. According to the Department of Education? s article, published on their homepage www. education. gov. k in October 2010, bullying can be defined as â€Å"Behaviour by an individual or group usually repeated over time, that intentionally hurts another individual or group either physically, emotionally or mentally†. This definition is accepted and used by various organisations in the UK for anti-bullying publications and treatment policies. Unfortunately this definition covers an array of bullying types, so Zapf D. (1996) categorised five types of bullying behaviour in the workplace to get a closer look on what bullying really is. They are work-related bullying which may include changing your work tasks or making them difficult to perform, social isolation, personal attacks or attacks on your private life by ridicule, insulting remarks, gossip or the like, verbal threats where you are criticised, yelled at or humiliated in public and physical violence or threats of such violence. Referring to those statements it is possible to critically analyze bullying by keeping in mind the definition in relationship with Zapf? s five types of bullying. Nowadays it is well-known that bullying is common in almost every Industry whether in small businesses or international companies. Especially in tourism-related businesses like hotel and hospitality industry, bullying causes capacious damage in different dimensions concerning areas like staff turnover and revenue but also number of staff away sick and motivation of employees. To avoid long-term impacts of harassment, bullying or mobbing has to be nipped in the bud according to Dolan C. (2010):1 who said that â€Å"Bullying can? survive in workplaces that won? t support it. † To provide such a workplace, is today? s great challenge for managers. Generally reasons for bullying are minor problems which aren’t obviously inflicting damage to somebody like discontent about matters, problems in private live, unintended aspersions compared to a co-worker or sometimes a harsh tone in stressful situations. In Hotel and Hospitality industry the constant contact with different people, whether new staff members or guests, provides an excellent breeding ground for such problems. It could be an annoying guest, a challenging situation or an excessive period of work strain which gets people to offend a colleague. All these minor incidents are harmful for working climate and interpersonal relationships in long-term. These problems could be categorised, in alleviated acceptation, into different types of physically and psychologically violence, referring to Fineman S. (2003), who splits workplace violence into intrusive, consumer-related and organizational violence. Intrusive violence rarely occurs in hotel and hospitality industry but is not entirely excluded. On August 21, 2010 the Intercontinental hotel in Rio de Janeiro was scene of a taking of hostages. 10 employees of the hotel were restraint for several hours until they have been released, after the police took some action towards the criminals. Attacks by terrorists against hotels and employees infrequently take place in most countries, but witnessing crime related situations could be an immense strain. A more eminent factor in tourism-related businesses is consumer related violence. Demands of customers which couldn? always be measured, are causing complaints about e. g. delays or bad handling. Especially front office employees have to deal with enormous pressure by being consistently confronted with complaints, and personal affronts from customers. Furthermore Fineman S. (2003):164 describes the occurrence of organizational violence in the workplace as a failing in the ethnically opinions of entrepreneur and characterizes this form of bullying as follows, â€Å"It translates into practices that systematically cause danger, risk or exploitation to employees. Emotionally, the employer can feel indifferent, even derisory about its workers and their psychological or physical well-being: ‘there are always more out there’. The worker may feel equally indifferent but trapped in the job. † Actually frequent occurrence of such, as in the majority of cases irrelevant sensed incidents, leads to a growth of troubles and personal antipathy against fellow-workers and employers is growing until the straw that breaks the camel? s back and physically or psychological damages are the immediate consequences. As has been proved in an array of researches by organisations dealing with the problems of bullying and harassment in the workplace, like ACAS, bullying affects a company in a tremendous variety of ways. Hotel and Hospitality industry is a very people-intensive branch primarily composed of small businesses. According to ACSA a main impact of bullying is the increase in rates of absence, especially concerning small firms where cover for sick employees is difficult to arrange. The Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD), Europe’s largest HR and development professional body, releases every year a survey report pointing out the consequences of days of absence. In 2009 the average in days of absence, concerning all business sectors, was 7. 4 days per employee per year. The amount in hotel and hospitality sector was below average with 6. 0 days per employee per year but in comparison between hotel and hospitality and other businesses, the average annual costs of absence per employee per year are superior. Relating to the CIPD the average annual costs of absence per employee per year, enfolding all business-sectors, are 692 pounds. In this area hotel and hospitality businesses are the tragic top of the table with 1199 pounds per employee per year. The survey also shows that stress (often a result of bullying) is the major cause for long-term absence. Other consequences of bullying, described by ACAS, are poor morale and poor employee relations, loss of respect for managers and supervisors, poor performance, lost productivity, resignations, damage to company reputation and tribunal and other court cases and payment of unlimited compensations. Taking a closer look on stress it is to say that in hotel and hospitality industry it is a necessity for employees to know how to handle stress because there will always be periods of strain. The big problem in coping stress is that no two people respond to the same stressor in the same way and this is the perfect point where management should intervene. According to Stranks (2005) different strategies can be considered in dealing with work-related stress, first of all it is important recognizing the evidence of stress which could manifest in sickness, alcoholism or decreasing motivation. A second strategy is to prevent stress through e. g. personal stress audits for employees to identify causes of stress, to monitor stress levels and to report and discuss stressful elements of work to identify the measures necessary at organizational level to alleviate the problem. A third way is to give employees the opportunity to develop a personal stress-tackling technique by providing training and education. Stranks (2005):113 in this point said that employees need advice on identifying their own personal stress response and the measures necessary to coping with it. † Advice to handle stress could be found from organisations like Health and Safety Executive (HSE) releasing handbooks for employees (2003, Tackling Work-Related Stress: A Guide for Employees) as well as for managers (2001, Tackling Work-Related Stress: A Manager’s Guide to improving and Maintaining Employee Health and Well-being). These strategies work very well as reported in many case studies e. g. on United Biscuits by HSE in 2007. The case study points out that United Biscuits benefited from taking action against stress in many ways. From 2005 to 2007 reports of work related stress cases decreased from 24 to 6 per year. Furthermore HRS mentions that each case where absence is prevented, it is estimated the cost of 4 weeks wages and other associated costs is saved. As a matter of fact it is a necessity to override bullying and its consequences by management to keep costs low and protect employees from physical or psychological injuries caused by bullying. As mentioned in ‘bullying and harassment at work’, an advisory booklet publicised by ACAS, the first step to provide a bully-free working environment is to set up a formal policy including a statement of commitment from management and acknowledgement that bullying and harassment are problems for the organisation. The policy could also comprise a clear statement that bullying and harassment is unlawful, that it will not be tolerated, that it may be treated as disciplinary offences and that decisions should not be taken on the basis or whether someone submitted to or rejected a particular instance of harassment. Furthermore the policy is to comprehend steps the organisation takes to prevent bullying, responsibilities of supervisors and managers and confidentiality for any complainant. The policy should involve grievance, investigation and disciplinary procedures with timescales for action. Another point should deal with protection from victimisation and the importance and possibility of training for managers to avoid bullying. Involving staff into the process of developing such a policy will help achieving additional authority. Such a policy is supported by Stale Einarsen (1999):23 in the international journal of manpower who said â€Å"If not being permitted or supported by the people in power, a bully knows he/she may find him/herself the victim of aggressive counter-attacks and severe punishment. † In reference to ACAS the second step is to set a good example in behaviour, like discussing problems and consult employees instead of a too authoritarian management style. A current negative example for this point is the discussion about Gordon Brown? s abusive treatment of staff. The Guardian (21. 2. 2010) advertised that several employees from Downing Street No. 10 contacted the National Anti-bullying Helpline which raises discussions about Mr. Browns management style. Mr. Brown is being denoted as a bully by employees including assertions that he swore at staff, grabbed them by lapels and shouted at them. Third step to deal with bullying and harassment as a manager is to maintain fair procedures for dealing promptly with complaints from employees by using clear grievance and disciplinary procedure described in the Employment Relations Act 1999. Fourth step is to set clear standards of behaviour, to provide training and information about how to deal with bullying and to communicate the organisation? s views on it. Fifth, make clear that complaints will be dealt with fairly, confidentially and sensitively. By following these five steps of ACAS it is getting a lot easier to provide a good working climate and satisfy employees. In conclusion bullying is a problem affecting all businesses with different strength, in different ways and with different consequences, but the reason for occurrence of bullying is the one constant in all companies. It all starts with recurring minor problems that aren’t recognized until they grow big, so discussing problems and communicate them will help companies save money and satisfy employees. By using a metaphor to describe bullying, the strength in which bullying affects humans as well as companies could be expressed as follows A single thunderous gust could disroot trees, but a permanent breeze transforms mountains into grains of sand.

History of Hans Frank

History of Hans Frank Dylan Myers   THESIS STATEMENT In my Holocaust research report for Mr. Benevento and Mrs. Welch, I will discuss Hans Frank; I will focus on his diary, his imprisonment, his background and his purpose of the Holocaust. I will also talk about what happened in his life. Outline Holocaust Intro Quote Why its important to learn about. Thesis Statement. Hans Frank Background Birth Family Life Early Childhood+Education War/ Military Background How he got to his position Role in Nazi Admin Imprisonment Reason Diary Trial/Death Conclusion INTRODUCTION I ask nothing of the Jews except that they should disappear. (Hans Frank) The Holocaust was the murder of six million Jews. Hans Frank was the Governor General of Poland. He was arrested and murdered on October 16, because he killed a lot of Jews. In my Holocaust research report for Mr. Benevento and Mrs. Welch, I will discuss Hans Frank; I will focus on his diary, his imprisonment, his background and his purpose of the Holocaust. I will also talk about what happened in his life. Hans Frank was born on May 23,1900 in Karlsruhe, Germany. Frank was born into a middle-class Catholic family. Frank had an older brother, Karr Jr. and a young sister, named Elizabeth. Franks father was a lawyer so Frank went to Law school to become a lawyer as well. In 1917 Frank, served in the German army in the World War 2. Frank also joined the German Workers Party. On April 2, 1925 Frank married 29 year old Brigitte Herbst. Frank continued to study law and in 1926 he passed the final examinations and became a Legal Advisor for Hitler. Frank had 5 children Sigrid Frank born in 1927. Norman Frank born in 1928, Brigitte Frank born in 1935. Also had 2 other kids named Michael Frank born in 1937, and Niklas Frank born in 1938. While they had Other children their marriage didnt go so well so Frank asked for a divorce in 1942. Brigitte begged and begged for Frank not to divorce her. Frank became the Chief Administration officer for Polish territories. On October 12,1939 Frank became the Governor General of the Polish Territory. In 1939 Frank now became the President of the German Academy Of Law. Frank got his position in the Military because he went to school and studied law and because he had a contribute to the Fuhrestaat. Frank was actually one of Hitlers top lieutenants. Franks role in the Nazi was commissioner and reformer. During World War I Frank joined the German Army. After the war Frank joined the Freikorps. Soon after that Frank joined the Nazi party. After that he became a legal advisor for Hitler and the Nazi Party. Hitler appointed Frank Minister of Justice in Bavaria in 1933, after Hitler became Chancellor. In 1939 Hitler then mad Frank the Governor General of Poland. Hans Frank was arrested by troops on May 3, 1945 at Tegernsee lake in Germany. Hans Frank went to prison because he was responsible for the murder of thousands of Polish Civilians and Jews. While in prision Frank had a diary during his administration role.. The diary has a total of 38 volumes, and included speeches, transcripts of conferences, and minutes of cabinet sessions. Frank was captured by troops on May 3, 1945 at Tegernsee. On his first day in prison Frank tried to commit suicide by trying to cut his throat, but failed to do so. Hand Frank then went to trial on November 20, 1945. He then tried to commit suicide again two days after by lacerating his arm, but this failed as well. Frank was found indicted under four counts. Then Frank was found not guilty on counts one and two but found guilty on counts three and four. Frank admitted to his guilt in the Holocaust. Frank was sentenced to death on October 1, 1946. Frank was executed on October 16, 1946. Hans Frank was the only p erson who entered the gas chamber with a smile on his face. Frank even said im thankful for my treatment during my captivity and I want to ask god to accept me with mercy. This is all about Hans Frank. It talked about his background, his role in the war/ military, and his imprisonment. In his background it first talked about his birth, then his family life, then his Early childhood and education. The second thing it talked about was the War/ Military background. This talked about how he got to his position in the war and his Role in the Nazi Admin. The third thing it talks about is his imprisonment. This talked about the Reason he went to jail, his Diary he wrote, and his trial and death. This is all about Hans Frank. WORKS CITED Hans Frank. Retrieved from http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/nazi-germany/nazi-leaders/hans-frank/ Hans Frank. Retrieved from http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/ar/frank.html Hans Frank. Retrieved from https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/nuremberg-trial-defendants-hans-frank Hans Frank. Retrieved from http://spartacus-educational.com/GERfrank.htm Journal And Office Records Of Hans Frank, Governor General O. Retrieved from http://nuremberg.law.harvard.edu/documents/3796-journal-and-office-records?q=*#p.1 Nuremberg Trial Judgements: Hans Frank. Retrieved from http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/nuremberg-trial-judgements-hans-frank United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved from https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007108 War And Social Upheaval: World War 2biographies Hans Frank. Retrieved from http://histclo.com/essay/war/ww2/bio/f/bio-frankh.html

Organizational change typology of evolutionary and strategic changes

Organizational change typology of evolutionary and strategic changes Introduction: This assignment examines organizational change, focusing on the distinction of changes according to their scope and presenting a typology of evolutionary and strategic changes. Business in the new millennium will continue to increase in intricacy. More and more, this demanding environment forces executives and managers to deal with constant change. Globalisation, increased opposition, international development and reformation are just a few of the challenges faced daily. Success in dealing with these new challenges will depend to a great extent on the organisation’s ability to change and adapt. It will depend on how well these organisations can manage these situations by understanding the opportunities and challenges that accompany it. The organisations that will succeed are those that recognise and react the fastest to change. Therefore, the ability of an organisation’s staff to change can mean the difference between scraping just to get by or else becoming the industr y leader. In either case the results translates into millions of dollars in revenues, profits, or losses. It must therefore be accepted that change is an organisational reality. It is critical therefore for managers and executives in todays business environment to be equipped with the skills necessary to manage change. Ultimately it is people who make organisations, and if they do not change, then there is no organisational change. The challenge therefore is for managers and executives to not only know what to change but how to go about it especially in relation to people, products, processes and systems, marketing strategies etc. Just like the butterfly, organisations will have to change and undergo a metamorphosis before they can fly. If they do not, they will be doomed to live out their lives only as caterpillars, or worse still become dinosaurs. Litrature Review: Organizational change is an empirical observation in an organizational entity of variations in shape, quality or state over time (Van de Ven and Poole, 1995), after the deliberate introduction of new ways of thinking, acting and operating (Schalk, Campbell and Freese, 1998). The general aim of organizational change is an adaptation to the environment (Barr, Stimpert and Huff, 1992; Child and Smith, 1987; Leana and Barry, 2000) or an improvement in performance (Boeker, 1997; Keck and Tushman, 1993). This definition encompasses many situations that should be distinguished by applying certain dimensions to establish ‘typologies of change’. We will refer to the scope of change, because it is one of the most used variables in literature to design change typologies. That way, changes can be defined along a continuum starting in lowscope or evolutionary changes to high-scope or strategic ones. With the aim of making the use of this dimension (scope) easier, we will describe bot h extremes of the continuum, but we should always keep in mind that real changes are not a pure type but a mixture. First, we will describe evolutionary, incremental, or first order changes. These are small changes that alter certain small aspects, looking for an improvement in the present situation, but keeping the general working framework (Blumenthal and Haspeslagh, 1994; Goodstein and Burke, 1991; Greiner, 1972; Levy, 1986; Mezias and Glynn, 1993; Nadler and Tushman, 1989; 1990). The second type of changes arestrategic, transformational, revolutionary or second order ones. They are radical transformations, where the organization totally changes its essential framework (Blumenthal and Haspeslagh, 1994; Ghoshal and Bartlett, 1996; Goodstein and Burke, 1991; Marshak, 1993; Nadler and Tushman, 1989, 1990), looking generally for a new competitive advantage (Hutt, Walker and Frankwick, 1995) and affecting the basic capabilities of the organization (Ruiz and Lorenzo, 1999). Background to Change exits in HP Economic Movement: Managing change is one of the most important issues confronting information technology (IT) organizations today. By combining three powerful products—HP Service centre software, HP Change Control Management software and HP Universal Configuration Management Database (CMDB) software—HP Change Management Suite software gives IT managers, changer managers and change advisory boards (CABs) a complete solution for managing change within an IT environment. This tightly integrated solution enables IT departments to gain visibility into the IT environment and service dependencies, and manage the change process in a standardized manner to increase the number of effective, well-founded changes their companies undertake. It also provides decision support for the CAB by auto mating impact analysis to make change decisions based upon business impact and mitigates the risks inherent in instituting change. Strengths and Weaknesses of Change within an organisation in regards to HP: Strengths: Sole point of contact, high market consciousness, easier for customers to deal and cooperate. Easier to preserve functional skill, staffs tends to be more loyal to occupation, frequently has lower cost at the unit level. Highly combined work units, integrated functions, and backup skills. Easier harmonization, determined on the customer, more supple, minimal isolation, flatter, staff gain broader information of the business. Federal responsibility, higher quality, faster decision making, focused on the customer of each product/service group. Flexible resource planning, high practical knowledge exposed to diversity, forced collaboration service areas. Weaknesses: Less contribution/higher costs, more product or service changeability. Tends not to have end-to-end customer sight, practical priorities sometime are contradictory, more difficult to transform processes due to isolation of functions. Some laying-off of functions, lower sense of useful responsibility. Difficult to put into practice and maintain, requires cross functional expertise, long term management commitment. Comparison of alternative forms of organisational development: Digital change and organisational Development: It is been investigated the determinants of local governmental presence and the influence of organizational presence using econometric scrutiny, supported by qualitative information from the review. The variables included in these regressions and the hypotheses about the impacts of explanatory variables are discussed in a later section. In all regressions, the coefficients and standard errors were corrected for sampling weights, stratification, and the total number of communities in the central region (StataCorp 1997). The results are thus agent of the province as a whole. Standard mistakes were approximate using the Huber-White estimator, and are thus robust to general forms of heteroskedasticity (White 1980). A pathways of enlargement found in the region, were included as descriptive factors in the analysis (along with other factors).10 A development pathway is defined as a common prototype of change in livelihoods and resource management, and thus represents a particular set of ec onomic opportunities and constraints (Pender, Scherr, and Duron 1999). Using data on occupations and changes in profession and land use since the mid-1970s, six pathways of development were acknowledged. Basic grain (maize, beans and sorghum) production is the most or second most important profession in all but one of the sample communities. Other factors were therefore more determinate in characteristic the pathways. The pathways include villages where 1) basic grain production is the dominant economic activity and has been expanding during the past 20 years (basic grains expansion pathway), 2) basic grains production is the dominant economic activity though production has been sluggish or failing (basic grains stagnation pathway), 3) horticultural (mainly vegetable) production has amplified and has become the first or second most important activity (horticultural expansion pathway), 4) coffee production has increased and is the first or second most important activity (coffee expan sion pathway), 5) forestry performance are the first or second most important activity (forestry specialization pathway), and 6) non-farm employment has increased and become the first or second most important source of income (non-farm employment pathway). Involvement of Stakeholders in the Introduction of Change in an Organisation: Stakeholders, including NGOs, investors, and activists, as well as communities, labour, and consumers, are playing an increasingly important role in improving corporate behaviour. Some NGOs are using tactics of direct confrontation. Others have been working for years to create partnerships with companies in order to help them green their production, often in ways that actually save them money. As well, the investor community is taking an increasingly active role in encouraging corporations to consider not just the next quarter’s earnings but also the long-term financial risks of failing to address broader social and environmental issues. Together, these are proving key strategies in compelling corporations to internalize the environmental and social costs that are often ignored in the mad race for profit. Analysis and Evaluation of the Strategies: Corporate managers face many daily pressures, and improving social and environmental records (often in ways that don’t directly enhance the bottom line) is not generally their highest priority—until their corporations suddenly become the targets of bad publicity from a coordinated group of activists. With corporations spending a half trillion dollars each year to create positive images through advertising, a sudden storm of negative publicity from the actions of thousands of coordinated activists can swiftly raise environmental issues to the top of managers’ action-item lists. This fear of public shaming—and the connected loss of profit and stock value—are what makes these â€Å"corporate campaigns† so successful. Unlike traditional campaigns against companies, such as boycotts, labour strikes, and litigation (which remain important but often have limited objectives), corporate campaigns treat the targeted company more as a lever of change th an as an end in itself. When a coalition of NGOs and investors led by the Rainforest Action Network (RAN) targeted Citigroup, the goal was to reduce overall exploitation of natural resources. But RAN didn’t target mining and logging companies—which are not in the public eye and depend on continued extraction to survive—pouncing instead on the financial institutions that capitalize the mining and logging companies. Unlike them, banks spend billions to maintain strong brands and customer bases. These assets are essential, and thus exploitable vulnerabilities.And exploit RAN did. In 2000, RAN asked Citigroup to adopt a green lending policy.While the company initially refused, after more than three years of protests, shareholder actions, and other irritating tactics, Citigroup finally recognized that lending to unsustainable industries would be more costly than profitable, while not lending to them would be worth its weight in free advertising. Once Citigroup yielde d, its antagonistic relationship with RAN evolved into a collaboration to ensure adherence to its new standards—a partnership that provided much free publicity to Citigroup. Meanwhile, RAN quietly drafted a letter to Bank of America asking managers to adopt a similar policy. Bank of America, having witnessed the disruption that committed activists can cause by chaining themselves to bank doors, quickly realized that it was better to join the ranks of ecofriendly banks. Bank of America’s capitulation then left JPMorgan Chase as the next target, and it soon followed suit. Conclusion: It can be argued that the booming management of change is vital to any organisation in order to endure and succeed in the present highly economical and endlessly evolving business environment. However, theories and approaches to change management currently available to academics and practitioners are often clashing, mostly deficient pragmatic evidence and supported by undisguised hypotheses concerning the nature of fashionable organisational change management. The reason of this assignment was, therefore, to provide a significant review of some of the main concepts and methodologies to organisational change management as an important initial step towards implementing a new framework for managing change. Reference: Boeker, W. (1997) â€Å"Strategic change: The influence of managerial characteristics and organizational growth†, Academy of Management Journal, 40 (1), pp. 152-170. Blumenthal, B. and Haspeslagh, P. (1994) â€Å"Toward a Definition of Corporate Transformation†, Sloan Management Review, 35 (3), pp. 101-106. Ghoshal, S. and Bartlett, C.A. (1996) â€Å"Rebuilding Behavioral Context: A Blueprint for Corporate Renewal†, Sloan Management Review, 37 (2), pp. 23-36. Goldstein, J. (1988) â€Å"A Far-from-Equilibrium Systems Approach to Resistance to Change†, Organizational Dynamics, (Autumn), pp. 16-26. Goodstein, L.D. and Burke, W.W. (1991) â€Å"Creating Successful Organization Change†, Organizational Dynamics, 19 (4), pp. 5-17. Greiner, L.E. (1972) â€Å"Evolution and revolution as organizations grow†, Harvard Business Review, (July/Aug.), pp. 37-46. Hutt, M.D., Walker, B.A. and Frankwick, G.L. (1995) â€Å"Hurdle the Cross-Functional Barriers to Strategic Change†, Sloan Management Review, 36 (3), pp. 22-30. Leana, C.R. and Barry, B. (2000) â€Å"Stability and Change as Simultaneous Experiences in Organizational Life†, Academy of Management Review, 25 (4), pp. 753-759. Levy, A. (1986) â€Å"Second-Order Planned Change: Definition and Conceptualization†, Organizational Dynamics, (Summer), pp. 5-20. Mezias, S.J. and Glynn, M.A. (1993) â€Å"The three faces of corporate renewal: institution, revolution, and evolution†, Strategic Management Journal, 14, pp. 77-101. Nadler, D.A. and Tushman, M.L. (1989) â€Å"Organizational Frame Bending: Principles for Managing Reorientation†, Academy of Management Executive, 3, pp. 194-204. Nadler, D.A. and Tushman, M.L. (1990) â€Å"Beyond the Charismatic Leader: Leadership and Organizational Change†, California Management Review, 32 (2), pp. 77-97. Pender, J., S.J. Scherr, and G. Durà ³n. 1999. Pathways of development in the hillsides of Honduras: Causes and implications for agricultural production, poverty, and sustainable resource use. Environment and Production Technology Division Discussion Paper No. 45. Washington, D.C.: International Food Policy Research Institute. Ruiz, J. and Lorenzo, J.D. (1999) â€Å"Cambio estratà ©gico y renovacià ³n organizativa: utilizacià ³n de las capacidades latentes y perifà ©ricas†, Revista Europea de Direccià ³n y Economà ­a de la Empresa, 8 (4), pp. 71-82. Schalk, R., Campbell, J.W. and Freese, C. (1998) â€Å"Change and employee behaviour†, Leadership Organization Development Journal, 19 (3), pp. 157-163. StataCorp. 1997. Stata statistical software: Release 5.0. College Station, TX: Stata Corporation. Van de Ven, A.H. and Poole, M.S. (1995) â€Å"Explaining development and change in organizations†, Academy of Management Review, 20 (3), pp. 510-540. White, H. 1980. A heteroskedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimator and a direct test for heteroskedasticity. Econometrica 48: 817–838.