Boeing Vs. Airbus

Executive summary This report was commissioned to show us the present in the airline business, what Is the different between Airbus and Boeing Co and after global economic crisis, what Is their policy responses. The research draws attention to the fact that many airplane companies stood at the brink of bankruptcy. On the other hand, many emerging markets such as China and India have huge potential In the aircraft Industry. Further investigations reveal that low cost airline become more important than ever before.Moreover, Airbus already pushed AWAY which one is the largest passenger aircraft. AWAY can help airplane companies improve their profit. It still helped Airbus captured market share. On the other hand, Boeing still pushed some high efficient aircrafts such as 747-8 that can follow the market trend. What is more, companies both pay attention to the Asian market. Further investigations reveal that airline business still has lots of chances in the future and fuel-efficient airpl ane will be most popular in the world.It is recommended: Add some â€Å"standing† seats In the airplane. Improve the resources utilization rate Table of Contents Introduction Nowadays, because of the global economic crisis, many airplane companies stood at he brink of bankruptcy. On the other hand, the aircraft manufacturers still will change their strategy. There are two main aircraft manufacturers in the world. One is the Boeing which comes from America and another one is Airbus which comes from France. 747-8 and AWAY which come from Boeing and Airbus Co. Tooth use the high technology In order to saving energy. In this report It will Introduce some things about the airplane business such as situation, problem and opportunity. And you will have a general Idea about both companies and their products. This Is why I write this report. Industry background In the aircraft industry, Air travel remains a large and growing industry. In the past decade, air travel has grown by 7% per year. Travel for both business and leisure purposes grew strongly worldwide. Scheduled airlines carried 1. 5 billion passengers last year.In Europe and North America, where the air travel market is already highly developed, slower growth of 4%-6% is expected. Air travel for the region has been rising by up to 9% a year and is forecast to continue to grow rapidly, although the Asian financial crisis In 1997 and 1998 will put the brakes on growth for a year or two. In terms of total passenger trips, however, the mall alarm travel markets of the future will continue to be In and between Europe, North America and Asia. (The allure industry, 2012) Let us see this picture first. Asia.There are only 80 Airlines and 1800 Airports but more than 60% people lived there. Air craft industry has good market perspective but economic benefit is not good. Because of the financial crisis, the last few years were not kind to the aircraft industry. Many airline bankruptcies are virtually certain if th e economy continues to stall. Since then, airlines have had to recognize the need for radical change to ensure heir survival and prosperity. Many have tried to cut costs aggressively, to reduce capacity growth and to increase load factors.What is more, aircraft industry includes aerospace, military aircraft, and civil-aircraft. The airline companies like Boeing and Airbus will have a competition in each field. Company background product segments Boeing is the world's leading aerospace company and the largest manufacturer of commercial Jetliners and military aircraft combined. Additionally, Boeing designs and manufactures oratorical, electronic and defense systems, missiles, satellites, launch icicles and advanced information and communication systems.The company also provides numerous military and commercial airline support services. (About us, 2013) Airbus is the world's leading aircraft manufacturer whose customer focus, commercial know-how, technological leadership and manufactur ing efficiency have propelled it to the forefront of the industry. The product include the single-aisle AWAY Family, the wide-body long-range AWAY/AWAY and the all-new next generation AWAY OXBOW Family, double-Decker AWAY Family. The company also continues to broaden its scope and product range by applying its expertise to the military market.Company, 2013) Market share The rivalry between these giants, the only manufacturers of large medium or long- moment. Even though the number of orders is higher with Airbus in 2004 but the total revenues of Boeing is still much higher than that of Airbus. However, Boeing will be able to regain its market share thanks to the new model fee, Dreamlike and making the competition more aggressive. (Boeing overtakes Airbus in annual sales race, 2012) The product The Boeing 747, the original â€Å"Jumbo Jet† with its distinctive upper-deck profile, is among the fastest airliners in service. Boeing 747-8 Family – The Boeing 747-8Interconti nental and 747-8 Freighter are the new, high-capacity sass that offers airlines the lowest operating costs and best economics of any large passenger or freighter airplane in its class – while providing enhanced environmental performance. ( Boeing Commercial Airplanes, 2012) Airbus AWAY is the world's largest commercial aircraft flying today, with capacity to carry 525 passengers in a comfortable three-class configuration, and up to 853 in a single-class configuration that provides wider seats than its competitor. The AWAY is the ideal solution to alleviate traffic congestion at busy airports.AWAY, 2013) Nongovernmental forces Technology Force In 2012 they successfully met key milestones such as compounding type using and Aerodynamics of the breakthrough in research and development programs that will bring to market the next generation of more fuel-efficient airplanes and accelerate the market readiness of advanced materials and environmentally progressive technologies. That c an help airplane companies to drive their profit. Natural Force Due to increasing consumption of non-renewable energy like petroleum, oil shortages and their concomitant rise of oil prices have always induced aircraft industry revolution.The fuel-efficient airplanes become most popular form all over the world. So Boeing says that its 787 Dreamlike cuts fuel use by 20%. Meanwhile, Airbus says that the AWAY is the first long-haul aircraft to consume less than three liners of fuel per passenger per 100 km. (Aviation Industry, 2012) Demographic forces business especially in the Asia. There are only 80 Airlines and 1800 Airports but more than 60% people lived there. What is more, by the development of economic some Asian countries such as China, India and Korea will have significant demands on the airline business.In other words, some airplane manufacturers like Boeing and Airbus should pay attention to the Asia market analysis and market demand. Micromanagement forces The company's supp liers Boeing has strong international operations with customers in around 145 countries, employees in more than 60 countries. Boeing enjoys the ownership of a brand with good and far reaching awareness on a global scale. Boeing is also a 50-50 partner with Lockheed Martin in the United Space alliance. These strong company's suppliers can help. Boeing to be a internationalization company. (The Boeing company, 2012)Airbus also has a global company's suppliers. For example, Toulouse also became home to Airbus' initial assembly line for the AWAY Family, another final assembly line opened in 2008 at Tannin, China – the first such facility for Airbus to be located outside of Europe and AWAY Family production across the final assembly lines is assigned as follows: Toulouse builds Ass; Hamburg has responsibility for the AWAY, AWAY, AWAY and AWAY; Tannin assembles Ass and Ass; and the new U. S. Facility will produce ASS, ASS and ASS. (FINAL ASSEMBLY AND TESTS, 2013) The company's vari ous publics Social factorAnti-US feeling feelings generated by the events of the past two years had adversely impacted on Boeing's sales, especially in West Asia, which is a lucrative market for the industry. And then the Airbus Co. Will raise the market competitiveness. Economic factor Aircraft manufacturers rely heavily on subsidies. Recently, Boeing and Airbus are on the debate of unfair subsidies. Likelihood of increasing fuel costs, congestion and other environmental restrictions, as well as the prospect of higher security and insurance costs to reflect the risk of terrorism.The fuel cost is increasing in the future. International Air Transport Association estimated that airlines' fuel costs would rise by 31% in 2005. DATA, which represents 95% of the world's airlines, also Political factor Policy and regulatory decisions by governments can also have a dramatic impact on the demand for civil transport aircraft. The United States Government and its Federal Aviation Administratio n (FAA) are particularly influential in this regard since they oversee the largest air transport market in the world.Similarly, the deregulation of European airlines, already begun in the early sass, holds the promise of expanded market prospects for smaller regional Jets. Boeing Co, 2012) The company's competitors We all know that it is the duopoly in the Boeing-Airbus market. Given their multiple successes, it is not surprising that Airbus and Boeing have a number of competition factors driving their innovations. They often compare their products. For example, Boeing claims the 747-81 to be over 10% lighter per seat with a trip-cost reduction of 21% and a seat-mile cost reduction of more than 6%, compared to the AWAY.And Airbus claims the AWAY to have 8% less fuel consumption per passenger than the 747-81 and emphasis the longer range of the AWAY while using up to 17% shorter unsays. (Boeing Co, 2012) SOOT analysts Boeing Co. Strength: it has a global supply chain that can help it to realize the resource rational distribution in the world. And then America government increased the government subsidies in order to encourage them to develop the advance technology. There are intense competition between Boeing and Airbus. It is benefit for each of them to have the best development trend.Broad product line that covers most major market niches development Weaknesses: Anti-US feeling feelings generated by the events of the past two years had adversely impacted on Boeing's sales. And then international Air Transport Association estimated that airlines' fuel costs would rise by 31% in 2005. That's forced many businesses to opt for smaller order airplanes volumes. Opportunities: Asia is a new market about the airline business, Airbus can sell more airplanes than ever before at that market. Threats: airline business was hit hard by the global economic downturn, with most business losing much trade.Nowadays fuel-efficient airplanes are more popular in the world, but Boe ing lags behind Airbus. Airbus Co. Distribution in the world. Because of the anti-American sentiment, Airbus Co. Can ease the market competitiveness. And then Europe government increased the technology. There are intense competition between Boeing and Airbus. It is benefit for each of them to have the best development trend. Broad product line that covers most major market niches development Weaknesses: International Air Transport Association estimated that airlines' fuel costs would rise by 31% in 2005.That's forced many businesses to opt for smaller order airplanes volumes Opportunities: Airbus successfully met key milestones such as compounding type using and Aerodynamics of the breakthrough in research and development programs hat will bring to market the next generation of more fuel-efficient airplanes such as AWAY. By the rising oil price and global economic downturn, AWAY will be a good choice to save cost. And then Asia is a new market about the airline business, Airbus can sell more airplanes than ever before at that market. Business losing much trade.Market segmentation Boeing: Since economic and traffic growth rates vary by region Boeing's segmentation of its customers is done solely through geographic regions. Boeing believes that North America and Europe will continue to order the most airplanes with their auteur economies. It believes that airplane traffic within Asia pacific will increase by six per cent annually over the next twenty years and that the market share of flying within Latin America will increase from two per cent to four per cent. It is due to these differences in global air travel that Boeing uses Geography as its segmentation tool. Boeing Company, 2013) what is more, the segment's geographic region is a function of the allocation of resources on demand. For example, in America and Europe, Boeing can predict an increase in the demand for regional Jets as air revelers in these regions are demanding non-stop flights on thinner route s, in China, Boeing can predict an increase in their routes and so on. Airbus: its market segmentation is like the Boeing's which is the segment's geographic region. They still use the different plans in different regions.For example, Airbus pays attention to the carbon-efficient airplane like AWAY. They want to use it to increase the Asian market share, and they also want to increase the branch line to improve efficiency in the American and European market. Target markets Name: Airbus Company AWAY Boeing Company 747-8 Characteristic: long flight normal airlines/ government budget airlines/ government/ normal airlines/ personal using all over the world few in the America all over the world but few in Europe Luxury trip normal trip emerging market developed market new customer regular customer Let us see this table.It shows the characteristic of the target market in both companies. We will see that A 380 fits the high-end market, and Boeing 747-8 is a multi-role aircraft. What is mor e, Boeing 747-8 which is a classical aircraft can have lots of the regular customers. They Just need to keep its feature. On the other hand, because of the global economic crisis, more and more airlines which come from the emerging market want to long distance and high capacity. By this way, it can help them to save cost. At this time, Airbus Co got the AWAY.And then, AWAY has a huge body that can offer enough space to build some luxury facilities such as fitness, bar and bedroom. It can help filling in the luxury trip blank. Targeting strategy Airbus and Boeing companies all use the differentiated targeting strategy, because both companies are all global companies and they make the different plan in different place. It is better than undifferentiated and concentrated that they can totally control the market. For example, in Asian market, Boeing will recommend the 747-81 which is the fuel-efficient and huge airplane.But in the American and Europe Market, it will focus on showing the 777 which is the new technology and efficient airplane. On the other hand, AWAY which comes from Airbus Co. Is the key recommendation to some developing countries like China, India and Brazil. What is more, some other size of the Airbus airplanes such as AWAY and AWAY still will recommend to the developed countries like America and England. Because some emerging markets like Asia and South America have a large population and huge market potential.So they will be like large and efficient airplanes. What is more, some developed market like America and Europe, they which have health airline network need to add some branch lines. So the small airplane will be popular in that market. And then let us see a form first. Airbus was never in the corsairs of Boeing. That means, they can promote product in the same place. If you want to buy an airplane, that depends on what size of airplane you like. For example, if you want pick up 500 passengers you only can hose AWAY, 450-500 passengers 747 -8 is your choice.Positioning strategy From a buyers point of view there are many criteria that apply to buying a new plane from Boeing and Airbus. The main two criteria we chosen are capacity and distance. Because airplane makers like Boeing and Airbus are quite limited. Unlike BBC, in EBB there is very rarely a mass market and Boeing and Airbus are no exception to the rule. The companies targeting is aimed mainly at its existing clients and its profit margins are squeezed by these well knowledgeable clients mainly because they homeless are professionals and know the cost of production for airplanes. Boeing Company, 2013) Short distance and low capacity Boeing: many Because Boeing has 737 Family which are particularly low capacity designed pales, incorporating seating capacities of between 110-189 seats and are also relatively short distance planes. It fits the distance and efficient trip. Because of the global economic crisis, many airplane companies stood at the brink of bankrupt cy. 737 is a good choice for them. Airbus: None Short distance and high capacity: None The market didn't need it. Long distance and high capacity Boeing: some fly from America to Australia without refueling.Airbus: some It is the same reason. But its product is AWAY Family. But a maximum range of its flight is shorter than 777 and 747. Very long distance and ever high capacity Boeing: None Airbus: AWAY Because Airbus wanted to increase the market share, so he focused on the long distance market. AWAY filled a hole in the market and it can popular in the high-end market. Recommendations Nowadays, many airplane companies stood at the brink of bankruptcy. So saving money is the first demand. Aircraft manufacturers also launched some high efficient airplane like 747-8 and AWAY.I think that we already cannot change much about outside but we can change some about inside. For example, all customers sit in the airplane, but we can change the seat design like â€Å"standing† seat. Wha t is more, they also can improve the resources utilization rate in order to decrease the price of the airplane. That can help the airline companies to increase the profit. And then Aircraft manufacturers will have a new segment about the Recommendations. Reference list: 1. The airline industry. (2012). The airline industry. Retrieved 2012, From: http:// gag. Stanford. Du/AAA/intro/airlessness's. HTML 2. About us. (2013). Boeing official website. Retrieved 2013, From: http:// www. Boeing. Com/Boeing/companionways/about/index. Page? 3. Company. (2013). Airbus official website. Retrieved 2013. From: http://www. Airbus. Com/company/ 4. Boeing overtakes Airbus in annual sales race. (2012). Reuters. Retrieved 2012, From: http://www. Reuters. Com/article/2013/01117/us-airbus-orders- idUSBRE90GOCF20130117 5. Boeing commercial Airplanes. (2012). Boeing official website. Retrieved 2012 From: http://www. Boeing. Com/assets/PDF/commercial/PDF/ BCC_backgrounder. UDF 6. AWAY. (2013).Airbus offici al website. Retrieved 2013 From: http://www. Airbus. Com/aircraftman's/evisceration's/a380familyncontentId= BIBB TABLE:ATTontent; 7BAviation Industry. (2012). QflnEquivalencetrieved 2012 From: http://www. qfinCaffeinem/Comtor-profiles/aviation 8. Boeing Co. (2012). Boeing official website. Retrieved 2012 From: http:// www. boeiBoeingm/ComiBoeing (FINAL ASSEMBLY AND TESTS. (2013). Airbus official website. Retrieved 2013 From: http://www. airbAirbusm/Company/aircraft-manufacture/how-is-an-aircraft-built/final- assembly-and-tests/ 10. Boeing Co. (2012). Boeing official website.Retrieved 2012 From: http://www. boeiBoeingm/ComiBoeing. Boeing Co. (2012). Boeing official website. Retrieved 2012 From: http:// 13. Boeing Company. (2013). 123HLempeltrieved 2013 From: http://www. 123hLempelm/Comw. asp?Asp=8Id96 14. BoniBonitoKolbKola012). Undifferentiated, Concentrated, and Differentiated Targeting Strategies. Retrieved 2012 From: http:// www. globGlobalizesm/Comerence/47105/203279/undifferent iated-concentrated-and- differentiated-targeting-strategies 15. Boeing Company. (2013). 123HLempeltrieved 2013 From: http://www. 123hLempelm/Comw. asp?Asp=8Id96

Amendment Right

Many American citizens take their civil liberties for granted. Many do not realize how valuable their rights and privileges under the United States Constitution really are, until they begin to be taken away. The Fourth Amendment, essentially the right to privacy, is slowly being stripped from the American citizen. The use of TEMPEST, or sophisticated eavesdropping technology to intercept information, including telephone monitoring and video surveillance, is unconstitutional under the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution.The Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution states that people have the right to privacy in their person, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures, and that people should not be violated, and no warrants issued, unless there is probable cause. (â€Å"U. S. Constitution: Fourth Amendment†, 2009) The Fourth Amendment clearly outlines that the American citizen has a right to privacy from the government. This i ncludes privacy not only in their homes, but out in public.For instance, anyone can observe another in public, such as walking down the street. However, when law enforcement officials begin to observe regular citizens in their everyday routine, such as going to work, going to the grocery store, picking up their children from school, and the like, that citizen's right to privacy has been violated. To understand how sophisticated eavesdropping technology to intercept information is a violation of the Fourth Amendment, one must realize how it works.TEMPEST is a code name for studies and investigations of compromising emanations. Compromising emanations are unintentional signals that can send information to a remote source. For instance, computers, telephones, and video surveillance cameras release interference into their surrounding environment. This interference creates signals that bear some relationship to what was originally caught. Essentially, TEMPEST equipment can remotely mirro r what is being done on another device. This is, in its purest form, eavesdropping.(Pike, 2000) In the case of Kyllo versus the United States, which was argued on February 20, 2001 and decided on June 11, 2001, is an example of the violation of the Fourth Amendment. Law enforcement was suspicious that marijuana was being grown in petitioner Kyllo's home in a triplex, and therefore, used thermal imaging devices to detect unusual heat sources, perhaps from heat lamps necessary for growing marijuana. Scanning the outside of the house, the agents detected hot spots coming from Kyllo's garage.The agents obtained a search warrant, and did indeed find marijuana plants. The evidence was then seized from Kyllo's home. The Ninth Circuit Court decided that the thermal imaging was not in violation of the Fourth Amendment because Kyllo had shown no attempt to conceal the heat coming from his home, and even if he had, law enforcement agents were still in the clear because the thermal imaging did not expose any intimate details of Kyllo's life. However, law enforcement used devices that were not in general, public use.They used these devices to â€Å"explore details of a private home that would previously have been unknowable without physical intrusion. † On these grounds, Kyllo decided to appeal, holding fast to the claim that the surveillance was a violation of the Fourth Amendment. Ultimately, the Court decided that the use of the thermal imaging device to obtain information was a violation of Kyllo's right to privacy under the Fourth Amendment. The Court rejected law enforcement's argument that the thermal imaging must be upheld because it detected only heat from the exterior of the house.Law enforcement's argument was rejected because it left the homeowner to the mercy of technology. Law enforcement's argument that the thermal imaging must be upheld because it did not detect intimate details was also rejected because all details concerning a home are intimate det ails. (â€Å"Kyllo v. United States†, 2001) Technology has advanced to the point that the public should be aware of possible videotaping and other types of eavesdropping. For example, hidden cameras scanned the faces of all of the Super Bowl attendees as they entered the stadium in January of 2001.The pictures were then compared with local, state, and FBI files of known criminals and terrorists. The attendees had no idea they were being watched. The federal government, in addition to local law enforcement, is beginning to strip away Americans' right to privacy. On September 11, 2001, the attacks on the World Trade Centers exposed the vulnerability of America to terrorism. In response, Congress quickly passed the Patriot Act. The Patriot Act is supposed to provide important national security measures, such as the removal of a statute on limitations for terrorism offenses.However, it also increased the government's ability to conduct unwarranted surveillance on innocent individ uals without making sure that abuses of power were limited. These examples illustrate the tension between preserving national security and preventing unwarranted government infringement on civil liberties. This infringement is a violation of the Fourth Amendment. (Chandler, 2006) In the months following the attacks on September 11, 2001, everyone was quick to point out a possible terrorist.People paid attention to what others said, and how they said it, and individuals paid more attention to what they were saying to others. For instance, it was within the realm of possibility that a man in a grocery store, having a casual conversation with someone else, mentions his disagreement with the United States government. Surprised by the FBI at his home a few hours later, he is informed that the individual he had the conversation with at the grocery store believed that his disagreement with the United States government was grounds for informing federal law enforcement of possible terrorist actions.Not only did scenarios such as this happen, but the government monitored telephone conversations. The law was that telephone conversations can be monitored by law enforcement or by the telephone company. The telephone company can monitor conversations for a number of reasons, including to provide service, inspect the telephone system, monitor the quality of the service, or to protect against service theft or harassment. However, law enforcement can only listen in on telephone conversations with â€Å"probable cause.† (â€Å"Wiretapping/Eavesdropping†, 1993) In other words, if one is known to be a hit man, law enforcement can eavesdrop on that individual's telephone conversations not only to find out if he will go through with committing murder, but also to find out who else is involved. Law enforcement must obtain a court order to eavesdrop on others telephone conversations. However, after September 11th, it was rumored that the federal government monitored all telephone conversations for key words such as bomb, terrorist, etc.The Bush administration repeatedly insisted that the only telephone conversations they eavesdropped on without court orders were those who were suspected of being linked to al Qaida or other terrorist groups. It is true, however, that after September 11th, the Bush administration made efforts to collect vast amounts of information about Americans' travel, tax and medical records, e-mails, and credit card purchases. (Landay, 2008) This was all done under the guise of the Patriot Act, which essentially made the Fourth Amendment null and void.In addition to listening in on telephone conversations, the United States watches the American public through surveillance cameras. Thousands of cameras, both public and private, dot parks and city streets. Once an individual is out in public, the Courts deem those individuals as no longer having any privacy, at least while they are in public. Most people are not aware that they a re being watched. If they do know, they do not control what their images are being used for. Most cameras are mounted in trees, on streetlight and traffic poles, on public buildings, on subway platforms, and installed in buses and subway cars.These cameras are everywhere, and there are more that cannot be seen. Police officials refuse to tell the public about where the other cameras are because they claim that information would â€Å"undermine law enforcement's effectiveness. One of the major problems with hidden cameras in public areas is that cameras penetrate deeper than anyone staring at an individual. If another person is staring at someone, all that person has to do is stare back to discourage the intrusion. However, one cannot stare back at a camera if they do not know where it is. Even if they did know where it was, the eye of the camera would not stop staring.People behave differently when they think they are alone, and even if one does know about the cameras, the cameras then do not fix the problem. Hidden cameras serve as â€Å"super cops. † These cameras can zoom in to single out a particular individual or to read a letter someone is holding, and can see in the dark due to infrared technology. In the past, police could not do this without probable cause and obtaining a search warrant. In addition to these benefits to law enforcement, cameras can be put in places where a human being could not possibly be, such as perched high atop the side of a building.These cameras were originally touted as tools to aid in the catching of terrorists and violent criminals, and to prevent serious crimes. The cameras have not done this. The only criminals these cameras have caught are minor offenders such as petty thieves and concert-ticket scalpers. For example, in Washington D. C. , New York City, and San Diego, cameras that were originally meant to catch serious offenders now only catch red-light runners, speeders, and others who park illegally. The proble m is this: The faces of random people on the street are being compared with those of criminals.All of this is being done with no probable cause. Law enforcement targets ethnic and racial minorities, and that coupled with false-positive matches means that innocent people will be arrested for no apparent reason. Even though the Supreme Court has never tried a case where someone claimed the Fourth Amendment was violated because of public surveillance, the Court would most likely find that electronic monitoring of public areas is not a violation of the Fourth Amendment. Technology is beginning to take over American society.Each intrusion into Americans' privacy is being introduced as a tool to weed out the harmful individuals. Drug testing and EZ Passes are good examples. At first, drug testing was only used for high security jobs, and now students in extracurricular activities at school are subject to them. EZ Passes were introduced in order to lessen traffic congestion, and now they a re being used to issue tickets to speeders. Every tool introduced as being â€Å"important† and â€Å"helpful† in the fight against crime is now being used to trap innocent citizens, citizens who at first thought these tools were a good idea.Sociologist Gary Marx explains, â€Å"Once the new surveillance systems become institutionalized and taken for granted in a democratic society, they can be used against those with the ‘wrong' political beliefs; against racial, ethnic, or religious minorities; and against those with lifestyles that offend the majority. † No one will use public areas if they believe or know they are being watched. The author believes that spaces that are accessible, not defensive, will be used more. The more people use these areas, the safer they will be.There are more good people than bad in the world, therefore, the chances of someone getting attacked in a group of people are extremely slim. Video surveillance creates insecurity, not a sense of safety. Congress has not yet addressed video surveillance. Hawaii and California have laws to limit video surveillance, and a handful of states have heightened protection of the right to privacy written into their state constitutions. However, even though video surveillance is more intrusive than telephone monitoring, there is currently no federal legislation to govern video surveillance. (Smithsimon, 2003)In conclusion, the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution is being violated in today's society due to telephone monitoring and video surveillance. Telephone monitoring and video surveillance have secretly crept upon the average American. Most do not give a second thought, or even know, about these types of violations of privacy. Perhaps the average American is aware of the possibility, but tries not to think about such a disturbing and chilling thought. If the average American citizen knew that someone was watching them as they went about their daily business , feelings of paranoia and possibly fear would begin to take root.America would not feel free any longer. This can be likened to driving at the speed limit when a police officer is driving within close proximity. One is on his/her best behavior, however, when the police officer can no longer be seen, that same person that was on their best behavior just moments before, resumes their fast, reckless ways. However, there is no escape from the cameras that could possibly be watching each and every American. It is amazing how much Americans take for granted, including the civil liberties, the rights and privileges, that the American holds so dear.– (1993). Wiretapping/Eavesdropping on Telephone Conversations: Is There Cause for Concern? Retrieved May 18, 2009, from Privacy Rights. http://www. privacyrights. org/fs/fs9-wrtp. htm – (2001). Kyllo v. United States. Retrieved May 18, 2009, from Find Law. http://caselaw. lp. findlaw. com/scripts/getcase. pl? navby=CASE&court=US&v ol=533&page=27 – (2009). U. S. Constitution: Fourth Amendment. Retrieved May 18, 2009, from Find Law. http://caselaw. lp. findlaw. com/data/constitution/amendment04/ – Chandler, S. A. (Fall 2006). Collateral Damage?The Impact of National Security Crises on the Fourth Amendment Protection against Unreasonable Searches. University of Pittsburgh Law Review. 68(1), 217-41. – Landay, Jonathan S. (2008). Did U. S. Government Snoop on Americans' Phone Calls? Retrieved May 18, 2009, from McClatchy Newspapers. http://www. mcclatchydc. com/257/story/53703. html – Pike, John. (2000). TEMPEST. Retrieved May 18, 2009, from Intelligence Resource Program. http://www. fas. org/irp/program/security/tempest. htm – Smithsimon, M. (Winter 2003). Private Lives, Public Spaces: The Surveillance State. Dissent. 50(1), 43-9.

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Chapter 6. The Intemately Oppressed - Assignment Example It is clear that it is time makes prejudice stronger because after some period people start forgetting what were the reasons and actual roots of the way things are for them now. Most part of the human history, and it is obvious too, woman was a slave, and the worst part was that she did not even know it. And sometimes people say that what you do not know cannot hurt you. But it often hurts and it hurts even more when you do not know why it hurts or when it will stop. What I would like to say is that when some repressed group realizes their dominated condition and also their will to fight, that is when their true power emerges. Women of America made it possible for women all around the world to feel stronger and more confident, to be ready to fight for their place under the sun. The condition of women during the colonization was truly and obviously horrible, even more horrible taking into account that they were not slaves. Of course nothing good can or should be said about puritans as well as about supporters of slavery because those were the kind of people which fanatically followed false principles (well, let’s not talk about witch-hunting) and it is their bigotry that made false principles seem true. But here we have historical event that changed everything in historical development. Women’s movement and also its aim of the Abolitionism is one of the proudest and really events in American history. Why? Of course because it shows how reason can overcom blind and sinful laws. But the battle was hard as every battle that worth fighting, I should even say it was mean for this battle to be fought, sooner or later, because the voice of free spirit always whisper in the ears of those who are oppressed. â€Å"That man over there says that woman needs to be helped into carriages and lifted over ditches. ... Nobody ever helps me into

Supply Chain Integration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words - 1

Supply Chain Integration - Essay Example Priory Lodge has fabulous and tremendous views of the coast and a very informal and relaxed atmosphere. Besides, it has an iconic architectural design, modern interiors, and beautiful views of Coventary, which are very pleasant to the customers. Our prices are also affordable hence a potential hub for buyers (Warren & Seaman, 2009, 1). The rooms are ensued with a bath or a shower and individually decorated. The various room facilities include tea and coffee making facilities, hairdryer, direct dial phone, terrace or balcony, free view, non-smoking, desk, color television, and adjoining rooms (Travel Republic, 2015, 1). We provide bunk bed, single bed, twin (single beds), and double bed. Our bathrooms entail bidet, en-suite, bathtub or shower combination. We provide amenities such as wake-up call, restaurant, non-smoking (throughout), sauna, room service, porter service, pool, lounge, internet access (wireless or high speed) in public areas, entertainment, bar, ironing facilities and adjoining rooms. In parking, we offer secure, free and onsite parking (Cleartrip, 2014). We welcome children, and their facilities include highchairs, games available, cots, children’s menu, and baby listening. In the recreation sector, there are windsurfing, water activities, walking, theatre, tennis courts-indoor and outdoor, sightseeing tours, shopping, nightclubs golf, fly-fishing, horse riding, fine dining, and dancing (Travel Republic, 2015). We offer business facilities such as internet connection, printer, photocopier, and direct dial phone. We stand best to win the bid from the Turquoise Company. Our prices are relatively affordable compared to our competitors, and we provide quality services. We have ample rooms lucrative for the buyer. Our competitors include Eaton Hotel, Hilton Hotel, and Marriot Hotel. Our bidding strategy is categorically

You are tasked with analyzing the last four years of accounts of a Essay

You are tasked with analyzing the last four years of accounts of a global mining company - Essay Example Graph 1 shows the company’s liquidity ratios over the four-year period. All the point ratios are less than one, and this means that performance of the company in management of short-term assets and liabilities is poor. In addition, current ratio and quick ratio have a declining trend, and this means that the organization’s management of liquidity worsened over the period. The two ratios, however improved from year 1 to year 2 before assuming the decreasing trend. Cash ratio reported an increasing trend but it was too low, with a maximum value of only 0.15. Correlation analysis of the ratios identifies a positive correlation between current ratio and quick ratio and a negative correlation between cash ratio and both current and quick ratio. Table 1 shows the correlation coefficients. Long-term solvency ratios are indicators of management’s efficiency in long-term management of resources. The ratios compare internal and external funding that an organization has and are inversely proportional to management efficiency (Thukaram 2007, p. 90). Times interest earned ration and cash coverage ratios are however inversely proportional to management efficiency (Mayes & Shank 2011, p. 118). From the graph, total debt ratio is low, over the entire period, and debt to equity ratio and equity multiplier ratio falls to lower values by year 1. The three ratios then decreases with time, indicating improved performance, which can be forecasted. Times-interest ratio and cash coverage ratio also show an improvement trend in performance because of their increasing trends over the period. Performance in management of long-term solvency is therefore strong and show improvement possibility. Asset turnover is another performance indicator that shows asset utilization in an organization. Inventory turnover, receivable turnover, and total asset turnover measures are directly proportional to management efficiency while days of realization and capital intensity are inversely

Should America have stronger gun control laws LogicCritical Thinking Essay

Should America have stronger gun control laws LogicCritical Thinking - Essay Example Unfortunately many forget the main reason the amendment was created and the necessity for citizens to have a way to stand up to and protect themselves from their government in case it turns against them. The right to bear arms is essential to living in a free country. If the citizens give up their rights to own firearms they, to a certain degree, are giving up their freedom. As part of living in a democracy citizens must ensure that their government is putting the needs of the people first. It is the citizen's responsibility to defend their freedoms, and when worst comes to worst, to revolt against an overbearing government. Therefore, the decision to give up the right to bear arms should only be considered after deep scrutiny and a full understanding of the consequences, with a possible loss of one's freedom as a result. According to George Mason, one of the coauthors of the Second Amendment, "To disarm the people is the best and most effectual way to enslave them" (W.A.T.E.R. 44). This sentiment is shared by many American citizens, especially with those who are members of the National Rifle Association. While widely recognized today as a major political force and as America's foremost defender of Second Amendment rights, the NRA has, "Since its inception, been the premier firearms education organization in the world" (NRA.org). Members of the NRA help to educate citizens on the proper use of firearms whether it is for sport or for protection. The idea that without guns people will be unprotected comes from the revolutionary war in which America was created. Despite the needs and wants of the American settlers, the British government insisted that its laws and ways of life continued to be followed even though they knew that they were not in their citizen's best interests. In order to escape the over bearing and corrupt British government the American settlers had no choice but to revolt. They needed guns in order to stand up to the British and to defend their rights as citizens and human beings. "One of the democratic rights of the United States, the Second Amendment to the Constitution gives the people the right to bear arms. However, there is a greater right: "the right of human dignity that gives all men the right to defend themselves," (W.A.T.E.R. 44). Many citizens share in Black Panther cofounder Huey P. Newton's thoughts believing that without guns they are giving up their freedom and in turn everything that their country stands for. History only strengthens this fear as citizens look to the past to learn that they must be responsible for their own lives. For example many look back to slavery and see that without a way to defend oneself anyone can become a slave, or the Nazi concentrations camps were guns were taken out of the hands of the people and they were left with no way to fight back. Newton says, "If the guns are taken out of the hands of the people and only the pigs have guns, then it's off to the concentration camps, the gas chambers or whatever the fascists in America come up with" (W.A.T.E.R. 44). For gun supporters and members of the NRA it is often hard to understand the opposing opinions of citizens who side with anti gun groups. "The National Rifle Association people are quite right to be suspicious of the designs of the gun controllers. It is absolutely true that there are people around who,